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Provinces、Autonomous Region、Municipal Supervisory Committee、People’s Procuratorate，Agency offices of the National Supervisory Commission、Resident agency，Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Supervisory Committee、People’s Procuratorate，All centrally managed enterprises、Supervisory agencies of various middle schools and colleges:
In order to thoroughly implement the important decision-making arrangements of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on the investigation of bribery and bribery，Conscientiously implement the "Opinions on Further Promoting the Investigation of Acceptance and Offering of Bribery"，While maintaining a high-pressure stance in punishing bribery，Seriously investigate and deal with bribery，Take multiple measures to improve the accuracy of combating bribery、Validity，Promote the realization of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of corruption，National Supervisory Committee、The Supreme People’s Procuratorate selected 5 typical cases of bribery crimes，Issuing now，For reference。Supervisory agencies at all levels、The procuratorial organs must further improve their political position，Update law enforcement and judicial concepts，Form a collaborative effort，Attach great importance to investigating and handling bribery crimes，Highlight the key points of attack，Intensify the use of property penalties and efforts to recover stolen goods，Effectively prevent bribery crimes，Promote anti-corruption governance to achieve greater results。
National Supervisory Commission Supreme People’s Procuratorate
March 31, 2022
Bribery and bid collusion case involving Xue from Shandong
[Keywords]
Several crimes of bribery and collusion in bidding and penalties for supervision and inspection to cooperate with social governance
【Purpose】
Promote the investigation of bribery and bribery，Supervisory agency、The procuratorial organs should effectively perform their duties，Strengthen collaboration，Intensify the investigation and punishment of bribery crimes in key areas such as bidding，Service guarantee and optimization of business environment。Apply the law accurately，For those who use bribery to open the way for collusive bidding crimes，Several crimes should be punished together。The commonality exposed by the case、Typical questions，The procuratorial organ may make procuratorial suggestions in accordance with the law，Promote special rectification，Improve social governance capabilities。
【Basic case details】
Defendant Xue Moumou，Male，Born on December 20, 1974，Han，Lives at No. ** Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province。
August 2014，The Finance Bureau of Yishui County, Shandong Province invites bids for information equipment procurement projects for primary and secondary schools in Yishui County，Defendant Xue Moumou and Liu Moumou, the person in charge of the bidding of Sichuan Hongmou Software Co., Ltd. (adjudicated)，With Ding Moumou, former deputy director of Yishui County Finance Bureau (adjudicated)，Modify the score by coordinating review experts、Collude with other bidding companies in bid rigging and other methods，Later Sichuan Hongmou Software Co., Ltd. won the bid for the project，The winning bid amount is more than 90 million yuan，Seriously damaging the interests of the country and other bidders。End of the same year，The defendant Xue Moumou thanked Ding Moumou for his help in the bidding for the project，Give Ding Moumou RMB 150,000。
(Other criminal facts omitted)
May 13, 2020、18th，Yishui County Public Security Bureau, Shandong Province、The County Supervisory Committee separately accused Xue Moumou and others of colluding in bidding、The bribery case of Xue Moumou was transferred to Yishui County People’s Procuratorate for review and prosecution。Yishui County People’s Procuratorate will review the case after acceptance，A public prosecution was filed with Yishui County People’s Court on June 12。September 24，Yishui County People’s Court convicted Xue of collusion in bidding，Sentenced to two years in prison，Concurrently fined RMB 200,000；for the crime of bribery，Sentenced to six months in prison，Concurrently fined RMB 100,000，Decided to execute a fixed-term imprisonment of two years and three months，A concurrent fine of RMB 300,000。Later Xue appealed，December 24，Linyi Intermediate People’s Court ruled to reject the appeal，The original verdict is upheld。
【Performance of Supervision and Procuratorial Duties】
(1) Actively promote the investigation of bribery and bribery，Severely crack down on bribery crimes in the field of bidding，Maintain a fair and just market order。Practice fraud or even engage in power-for-money transactions in the project bidding process，It will bring major hidden dangers to project quality and safety。Yishui County Supervisory Committee is investigating Xue Moumou’s suspected bribery crime，When soliciting opinions from Yishui County People’s Procuratorate，The prosecutorial office believes that Xue Moumou seeks competitive advantage through bribery，And his criminal behavior not only seriously affects the quality of project construction，It also undermines the level playing field in the field of tendering and bidding；Although the amount of bribery in this case was not large，However, the information construction of the education system involved is a project in the key areas of people’s livelihood，This is a key bribery offense to be cracked down on，Should be severely punished。Afterwards，Yishui County Supervisory Committee and County People’s Procuratorate discuss the direction of investigation and evidence collection、Evidence standards are fully communicated。In view of the fact that Xue Moumou still engages in collusive bidding behavior，While the Yishui County Supervisory Committee is investigating the suspected bribery crime，Transfer clues about collusion in bidding to the public security organs for simultaneous investigation。
(2) Clarify the relationship between applicable laws，Accurately determine the number of crimes，Accept the punishment for the crime。Bidding collusion is often accompanied by bribery、Inseparable。Yishui County People’s Procuratorate believes，Although there is a connection between Xue’s bid collusion and bribery，But there are two behaviors，Infringement of two different types of legal interests。According to the Supreme People’s Court、Article 6 of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s “Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Bribery” states that “the act of a briber seeking improper benefits constitutes a crime，The provision that "several crimes should be punished together with the crime of bribery"，The crime of bribery committed by Xue Moumou should be punished concurrently with the crime of colluding in bidding。The judicial authority adopts the above opinions。
(3) Proactive performance of duties，Strengthen the management of litigation sources，Improve social governance effects。This case revealed that many departments are involved in the supervision and management of bidding，Unclear responsibilities，To a certain extent, there is "all management"、I don’t care” question，Yishui County People’s Procuratorate actively extends its procuratorial functions，Carefully study the department’s “three determinations” regulations，Clarify responsibilities and authorities，Strict bidder qualification review、Regulated bidding agencies、Increase punishment for violations by employees，Respectively to the County Finance Bureau、Market Supervision Bureau、Inspection recommendations issued by the Education and Sports Bureau。The above-mentioned units have adopted all procuratorial suggestions and made comprehensive rectifications。At the same time，According to the recommendations of Yishui County People’s Procuratorate，Relevant departments in Yishui County jointly launched a special rectification action to address outstanding issues in the field of bidding，Comprehensive review of bidding projects in recent years。As of February 2022，Discovered and rectified 26 irregularities of various types，Opening and investigating three criminal suspects of collusion in bidding，Effectively purifying the level playing field in the bidding field。
[Typical meaning]
(1) Strictly crack down on bribery crimes in key areas，Service guarantee and optimization of business environment。Insistence on accepting bribes and giving bribes will be investigated together，In the field of bidding for major livelihood projects involving education，Bribery crime that seriously damages the business environment sky bet online sports sky bet online sports betting betting and fair market competition rules，Should be severely punished。Supervisory agency、Procuratorial agencies should strengthen cooperation，Focus on the analysis and judgment of bribery clues in key areas，Strengthen discussions，Building consensus。When combating bribery crimes，The amount of bribe must be considered、Number of times and crime circumstances，We must also fully consider the scope and harmful consequences of the case，Accurately deal with the briber in accordance with the law，Promote the establishment of a market order with fair competition and a pro-Qing political and business environment。
(2) Strengthen research on the application of laws on bribery crimes，Improve strike accuracy。Bribery crimes often coexist with other crimes，Supervisory Investigation、In the process of prosecutorial review，The crime of bribery should be strengthened、Research on related crimes，Combining criminal law theory and legal provisions，Reference judicial cases，About fact determination、Fully demonstrate the application of law and case handling，Clear guilt and non-crime、The boundary between one crime and several crimes，Investigating and collecting evidence，Accurate application of law，Initiate a public prosecution in accordance with the law，Ensure precise crackdown on bribery and related crimes。
(3) Fully perform supervisory inspection functions，Actively participate in social governance。Supervisory agency、The procuratorial organs should investigate the universality discovered during case handling、In-depth analysis of typical problems，Propose to plug loopholes in accordance with the law、Sound system、Suggestions on risk prevention and control，Prompt relevant departments to fulfill their regulatory responsibilities、Improving the supervision mechanism、Carry out special rectification，Comprehensive strengthening of rectification，Promote the solution of problems in the bidding field from the source，Achieve "handling a case、The good effect of "governing one area"，Promote the improvement of social governance capabilities，Serving the overall situation of high-quality economic and social development。
【Relevant regulations】
Article 223 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China、Article 389, Paragraph 1、Article 390
Article 45 of the Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China
"Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Bribery" Article 6、Article 8、Article 12、Article 13
Article 3 of the "Procuratorial Suggestions Work Regulations of the People's Procuratorate"、Article 4、Article 5、Article 10、Article 11
Zhejiang Guimou Precious Metals Co., Ltd.、Bribery case of Li XX unit
[Keywords]
Unit bribery, supervision and inspection, accurate and qualitative integrated supervision of ecological restoration
【Purpose】
When handling bribery cases, we must implement the central government’s spirit of investigating both bribery and bribery，Accurately grasp the differences and connections between unit crimes and natural person crimes，Fighting crime with precision。We must give full play to our supervisory and inspection functions，Strengthen cooperation and restrictions，Deepen integrated supervision，Advance as one and don’t dare to corrupt、Cannot be corrupted、Don’t want to be corrupt，In case processing、Recovering stolen goods and reversing losses、Practice an anti-corruption “combination punch” in ecological restoration and other aspects，Achieving the organic unity of the “three effects” in handling bribery criminal cases。
【Basic case details】
Defendant unit Zhejiang Gui Mou Precious Metals Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Gui Mou Company)，Private enterprise，The unit is located in a certain industrial park in a certain street in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province。
Defendant Li Moumou，Male，Born on September 21, 1972，Han，Legal representative of your company。
2015 to 2018，Lin Moumou, then a staff member of Taizhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Zhejiang Province (handled in another case)、Xianju County Environmental Protection Bureau staff member Wang Moumou (adjudicated) and other relevant state staff accepted the request of Li Moumou, the legal representative of your company，Processing the "Hazardous Waste Business License" for your company、Production and Operation、Provide assistance in evading environmental protection law enforcement inspections。End of 2015，Li Moumou gave Lin Moumou a gold product，worth RMB 37940，Lin accepts。2018，Li Moumou bought a second-hand Volkswagen Phaeton car for RMB 400,000 and gave it to Wang Moumou，Wang Moumou accepts；Your company gave half of the profits from the illegal extraction of rhodium metal to Wang Moumou，Wang Moumou has received RMB 6.35 million，Later, 5.45 million yuan was lent to Li Moumou for capital turnover。
(Facts about environmental pollution crimes omitted)
October 30, 2020，The People’s Procuratorate of Xianju County, Zhejiang Province accused a company of being a defendant、The defendant Li Moumou and others committed the crime of environmental pollution and filed a public prosecution at the Xianju County People's Court。March 26, 2021，The Xianju County Supervisory Committee opened a case to investigate Li Moumou suspected of bribery，On September 8, a company of yours was investigated for suspected bribery crimes。September 14，Xianju County Supervisory Committee considers a certain company、Li Moumou was suspected of unit bribery and transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution，The prosecutor’s office issued a supplementary prosecution on October 19th。October 30，Xianju County People’s Court issued a first-instance judgment，The defendant company, your company, committed the crime of environmental pollution，Sentenced to a fine of RMB 150,000，Committed the crime of bribery by an employer，Sentenced to a fine of RMB 800,000，Decided to impose a fine of RMB 950,000 for several crimes；The defendant Li Moumou is guilty of the crime of environmental pollution，Sentenced to one year and two months in prison，Concurrently fined RMB 100,000，Committed the crime of bribery by an employer，Sentenced to two years in prison，A concurrent fine of RMB 300,000，Decided to execute a fixed-term imprisonment of two years and ten months for several crimes，A concurrent fine of RMB 400,000；Illegal gains of RMB 18.5 million from the defendant Gui Company，Request a company from the defendant、Defendant Li Moumou shall recover the money，Turn over to the treasury。After the first instance verdict，Your company、Li Moumou did not appeal，Judgment has taken effect。
【Performance of Supervision and Procuratorial Duties】
(1) Digging for clues to corruption，Effectively crack down on bribery and bribery crimes。The defendant’s company is your company、After the incident involving the defendant Li Moumou and others suspected of polluting the environment，Xianju County Supervisory Committee resolutely implements Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization，Focus on the chain of responsibility behind the case，Start the accountability process in a timely manner，Revolving around regulatory failure、Investigation into benefit transfer，Sternly hold the 12 responsible persons accountable。In the meantime，Discovered clues about Li Moumou’s bribery，Open an investigation into him in accordance with the law，Take retention measures，And freeze simultaneously、Seizure of 2.5 million yuan of property involved，Coordination with public security、The environmental protection department has seized and seized the inventory products of your company，Ensure the smooth progress of subsequent recovery and recovery work，At the same time, four public officials found to be suspected of accepting bribes will be investigated。Xianju County Supervisory Committee believes，This case occurred in the field of environmental protection，The defendant’s company is your company、The defendant Li Moumou penetrated and corroded several state workers in various ways，Seriously damaging the integrity of the job，Endangering the interests of the masses，Cause serious negative impact，Should be transferred to judicial authorities for investigation of criminal liability according to law。
(2) Make full use of the supervisory inspection consultation mechanism，Accurately grasp the characterization of the case。September 1, 2021，The Xianju County Supervisory Committee investigated Li Moumou for suspected bribery、Wang Moumou is suspected of accepting bribes and has written to request the procuratorate to intervene in advance。There are different opinions on whether this case is bribery by an individual or by an organization。After the supervisory agency and the prosecutorial agency jointly discussed the case，Considering that this case constitutes the crime of bribery by an organization。First, from the facts of the case，Li Moumou serves as the legal representative of the company，The starting point of bribery is to seek improper benefits for the unit，Ask the company to apply for hazardous waste license、Operation sky bet online sports betting and production、sky bet online sports betting Evasion of environmental protection law enforcement inspections and other aspects will be taken care of，Most of its bribery funds come from the company’s operating income，It should be determined that the bribery reflects the will of the unit，And the ultimate beneficiary is the system unit，Confirming this behavior as bribery by the unit is more consistent with the facts of the case，Better embodies the principle of proportionality of crime and punishment。The second is from the perspective of case handling results，Confirmed as a crime of bribery by an organization，It is conducive to criminal punishment of your company，Protect fair competition among various market entities，Optimizing the legal business environment，It is also conducive to promoting the standardization of business activities of the enterprises involved，Protect the sustained and healthy development of the private economy，Stimulate market vitality。After the supervisory inspection reaches a consensus，The procuratorial organ provides written feedback to the supervisory organ on the opinions on early intervention review，The Xianju County Supervisory Committee conducted a supplementary investigation into your company in accordance with the law，Make sure the program is legal，Protect the rights and obligations of the unit under investigation。After the investigation is concluded，Xianju County Supervisory Committee considers a certain company、Li Moumou is suspected of unit bribery and transferred for review and prosecution。
(3) Integrated active performance of duties，Promote ecological restoration。Ineffective performance of duties in this case、Corruption problem，Xianju County Supervisory Committee sends supervision proposal，Require environmental protection departments to fulfill their responsibilities as the main body of comprehensive and strict party governance，Investigating integrity risk points，Back-checking system loopholes，Strengthen internal supervision of the system，Synchronously carry out party style and clean government warning education activities，Use cases to promote integrity，Consolidate the “second half of the article”，Promoting political and ecological restoration。Environmental pollution damage related to bribery crimes，Xianju County People’s Procuratorate gives full play to criminal prosecution、Public interest litigation and prosecutorial cooperation，Promptly follow up on public interest litigation work regarding the ecological damage caused by your company’s pollution of the environment。Administrative Public Interest Litigation Pre-litigation Prosecution Suggestions，Promote the environmental protection department to negotiate with your company and sign the "Framework Agreement for the Appraisal and Assessment of Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation in the Environmental Pollution Case of Zhejiang Guixin Precious Metals Co., Ltd."。Xianju County People’s Procuratorate actively urges your company to bear liability for damage compensation，Facilitated the company to prepay 2 million yuan in ecological restoration funds，And continue to follow up and supervise，Promote ecological damage restoration。
(4) Carrying out confession and punishment work，Implement the policy of combining leniency with severity。In view of the fact that your company and Li voluntarily confessed their crimes truthfully after being brought to justice，Admit the alleged criminal facts，Willing to accept punishment，And actively fulfill the responsibility of ecological restoration，Repentance indeed，The Xianju County People’s Procuratorate fully listened to your company in handling environmental pollution cases and bribery cases、Opinions of Li Moumou and his defender，Explain and explain the case’s conviction and sentencing and the leniency system for guilty plea and punishment。At the same time，Through interrogation、Visits and other forms，Clear precious metals、Information on seized items such as raw materials，Actively promote the return of stolen goods，Prompt your company to voluntarily use seized items to offset illegal gains。Finally，Your company and Li voluntarily plead guilty and accept punishment，Sign the "Recognition of Plea and Punishment" under the witness of the defense lawyer，The procuratorial organ has solicited the opinions of the supervisory organ，Propose lenient sentencing recommendations for your company and Li Moumou，Adopted by court decision。
[Typical meaning]
(1) Resolutely investigate bribery and bribery，Promote the treatment of both the symptoms and root causes of corruption。Supervisory agencies and procuratorial agencies must have a deep understanding of the political harm of illegal bribery，Change work philosophy，Strengthen work collaboration，A "combination punch" against corruption，Strengthen the investigation of bribery crimes，Promote the investigation and punishment of bribery and bribery。We must intensify the crackdown on bribery and acceptance of bribery in key areas such as environmental protection，Cut off the chain of interests related to corruption，Abolish the power-money trading network，Demonstrates firm determination to have zero tolerance for bribery，Promote the concept of integrity and law-abiding in the whole society，Building pro-Qing political and business relations。
(2) Accurately distinguish criminal subjects，Implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity，Punish bribery by units according to law。Handling bribery criminal cases involving companies，Supervisory agency、The procuratorial organs should strengthen cooperation and restrictions，Pay attention to comprehensive investigation and review of case facts，Full collection and application of evidence，Screen and determine the connection between the company involved and the crime of bribery，Accurately determine whether bribery is a crime committed by an organization or an individual。The defendant’s unit and the defendant plead guilty and accept punishment，We must implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity in accordance with the law，Enhance the demonstration of handling bribery crime cases，Help create a healthy economic ecology，Improving the quality and efficiency of handling bribery criminal cases。
(3) Strengthening integrated supervision，Actively promote damage recovery work，Enhancing the effectiveness of handling bribery criminal cases。Supervisory agency、Procuratorate in the process of handling bribery cases，We should actively implement the deployment of investigating bribery and bribery，Intensify efforts to recover stolen goods and recover losses。Undue benefits obtained by bribery，Maximum recovery，Don’t let bribers profit from bribery，Control criminal interests driven。At the same time，Increase the damage repair of bribery crime，Lower as possible、Reducing the harmful consequences of bribery crimes。Bribery crimes in important fields such as ecological and environmental protection，Procuratorates should adhere to a zero-tolerance attitude，Handle cases strictly in accordance with the law，Integrated criminal prosecution、Public interest litigation, prosecutors and other forces，While handling bribery criminal cases，Supporting Public Interest Litigation Prosecution Measures，Effectively follow up on ecological environment restoration and protection work，Achieving the effect of "dual promotion" of political ecological governance and ecological environment restoration，Achieving the organic unity of the “three effects” in handling bribery cases。
【Relevant regulations】
Article 338 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China、Article 346、Article 393
Article 15 of "Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"、Article 176
Article 45 of the Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China、Article 46
Bribery case of Wang Moumou in Jiangxi
[Keywords]
Supervisory inspection cooperation cooperates with the zero confession evidence system to recover stolen goods
【Purpose】
Supervisory agencies and prosecutorial agencies must strengthen cooperation，Coordinate and promote the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases of bribery and acceptance。Accurately determine the amount of improper benefits obtained by the briber，Exercise active prosecutorial functions，Cooperate with the supervisory authorities to recover stolen goods and recover losses。For "zero confession" bribery suspect，Supervisory agencies should pay attention to collecting witness testimony when investigating、Documentary evidence、Physical evidence、Audio-visual materials and electronic evidence, etc.，Consolidate the evidence base，The procuratorial organs must make full use of all kinds of evidence，Form a complete evidence system for accusations，Pursuing criminal responsibility according to law。
【Basic case details】
Defendant Wang Moumou，Male，Born in October 1962，Han，Legal representative of Hebei Fengning Jin Molybdenum Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jin Molybdenum)、Shareholders。
August 2007，Because Jin Molybdenum Industry can be acquired by Jiangxi Rare Metals Group Company (hereinafter referred to as Jiangxi Company) at a high price，Wang Moumou asked Zhong Moumou, general manager of Jiang Company (judged)，And promises Sky bet online sports betting APP download sky bet online sports betting to give benefits。After Zhong Moumou violated the regulations, he decided that Jiang Moumou Company should pay RMB 2.Acquisition of 50% shares of Jin Molybdenum Industry at a high price of 600 million yuan。Wang Moumou thanks Zhong Moumou，September 6，Wang arranged for his wife Yan to transfer 5 million yuan to the bank account of Luo, the brother-in-law designated by Zhong。Authenticated，Wang Moumou made a total of 2 illegal profits through bribery.1.5 billion yuan。
February 4, 2021，The Supervisory Committee of Jinxi County, Jiangxi Province transferred the case to the Jinxi County People’s Procuratorate for prosecution。March 19，The Jinxi County People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution against Wang Moumou at the Jinxi County People’s Court on suspicion of bribery。November 16，Jinxi County People’s Court convicted Wang of bribery，Sentenced to ten years and six months in prison，Recover Wang Moumou’s illegal income 2.1.5 billion yuan，Return to the victim’s unit Jiang’s company。Wang Moumou is not convinced，File an appeal，December 14th of the same year，Fuzhou Intermediate People’s Court ruled to reject the appeal，The original verdict is upheld。
【Performance of Supervision and Procuratorial Duties】
(1) Strengthen collaboration，Coordinate and promote the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases of bribery and acceptance。The Jiangxi Provincial Supervisory Committee is in the process of investigating the bribery case of Zhong Moumou, the former general manager of Jiang Company，It was discovered that Wang Moumou was suspected of committing a huge bribery crime、Vicious nature、Serious consequences，Must be seriously investigated and dealt with。October 2020，At the request of the Jiangxi Provincial Supervisory Committee，Jiangxi Provincial People’s Procuratorate sent personnel to intervene in Zhong Moumou’s bribery case in advance，After supervision, inspection and research，It is unanimously believed that Wang XX is seeking unfair interests，Paying a bribe of 5 million yuan to Zhong Moumou，The circumstances are particularly serious，Causing particularly heavy losses to national interests，His behavior is suspected of bribery，His criminal responsibility should be investigated in accordance with the law。In view of the fact that Wang Moumou has never explained the fact that he is suspected of bribery，Strengthen cooperation between supervisory agencies and prosecutorial agencies，Further analysis of Zhong Moumou’s bribery case，Proposed opinions on supplementing and improving the evidence regarding the crime of Zhong Moumou accepting 5 million yuan from Wang Moumou。On this basis，Jiangxi Provincial Supervisory Committee convened a case review meeting，Coordinated Wang Moumou’s bribery、Process of Zhong Moumou’s bribery case，Coordinate evidence collection、via Jiangxi Province，A consensus has been formed to deal with it according to law。December 31 of the same year，via Jiangxi Province、Fuzhou City Supervisory Authority assigns jurisdiction step by step，The Jinxi County Supervisory Committee opened an investigation into the suspected bribery case of Wang Moumou。
(2) Pay attention to investigation、Use documentary evidence and witness testimony，strict evidence system，Punish “zero confession” bribery crimes in accordance with the law。Wang Moumou does not confess to the crime of bribery，Supervisory agencies focus on collection、Acquisition of various evidence to construct the criminal chain of Wang Moumou's suspected bribery。The evidence of bribery includes: the testimony of Wang’s wife Yan，Proved the source of the bribe and the transfer process through bank remittance according to Wang Moumou's instructions，Business Accounts、The bank statement and other documentary evidence of Yan’s remittance transfer can support it。Testimony of Luo, Zhong’s wife’s brother，Proof that he accepted Yan’s remittance through his bank account according to Zhong’s instructions and told his brother-in-law Zhong、The facts about sister Luo，Luo’s bank account statements and other documentary evidence can support it。Luo’s testimony also proved that part of the bribe money was used to help Zhong and Luo couple purchase stocks and finance according to Zhong’s instructions，Relevant documentary evidence of the stock investment process also further confirms。Luo’s testimony can confirm the facts。Evidence of seeking illegitimate benefits includes: Jiang Company’s acquisition of Jin Molybdenum Equity Transfer Agreement、Meeting minutes，Jiang’s company participates in decision-making、Acquisition of relevant witness statements and other evidence。The first-instance effective judgment of Zhong Moumou’s bribery case and other evidence and Zhong Moumou’s guilty confession，mutually corroborates the above two aspects of evidence。The procuratorial organ has reviewed and fully used the evidence，Considering that this case is “zero confession”，But the testimony of witnesses on record、Business Accounts、Bank statement、Stock、Effective judgment and other documentary evidence，Enough to form a complete chain of evidence，Confirmed that Wang Moumou is seeking improper benefits，The fact of paying a bribe of 5 million yuan to Zhong Moumou，The evidence is conclusive、Adequate standard of proof，You can file a public prosecution according to law。
(3) Strengthening cooperation between supervisory agencies and prosecutorial agencies，Recover stolen goods and recover losses according to law。The supervisory authority has communicated and negotiated with the prosecutorial authority，It is unanimously agreed that the illegal benefits Wang Moumou obtained through bribery crimes should be recovered in accordance with the law。Under the coordination of the Gold Creek County Board of Supervisors，Jinxi County People’s Procuratorate cooperates to establish a stolen goods recovery team，Goed to Hebei successively、Beijing、Liaoning and other places，7 vehicles involved in the case were seized and seized according to law、13 real estate units (buildings)、More than 4.2 million yuan in cash、Equity of more than 30 million yuan，Total value of more than 70 million yuan，Recover the losses of state-owned assets to the greatest extent。Supervisory agency、Procuratorate’s opinion after discussion，The actual value of the shares transferred by Wang to Jiang’s company should be forensically appraised。Identified according to law，According to Jiang’s company’s acquisition price of Jin’s molybdenum industry 2.600 million yuan minus the total asset value of Jin Molybdenum Industry at the time of acquisition、Evaluated value of the molybdenum mining rights involved，Calculation and determination of Wang’s illegal income through bribery 2.1.5 billion yuan。The procuratorate recommends that the judicial authority judge the illegal gains in accordance with the law and return them to Jiang's company，The court adopted it。
[Typical meaning]
(1) Implement the investigation of bribery and bribery，Zero tolerance for bribery crimes that embezzle huge amounts of state-owned assets。Supervisory agency、The procuratorate is handling bribery or related cases in the field of state-owned enterprises，Should work closely together，Promote the investigation and handling of bribery cases under the coordination of the supervisory authority。Punish bribery and bribery crimes that occur in state-owned enterprises in accordance with the law，Cut off the “black hands” that collude internally and externally to embezzle state-owned assets，Effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of state-owned enterprises，Maintaining the safety of state-owned assets。
(2) Bribery criminal cases with “zero confession”，All types of evidence should be collected at multiple levels，Comprehensive application of evidence rules，Construct a complete evidence system，Severely punish bribery crimes。In practice，To avoid legal prosecution，It often happens that both parties who give and receive bribes refuse to admit the facts of the crime。For "zero confession" bribery case，Should be based on evidentiary standards，Pay attention to the use of guilty confessions of bribe takers、The testimony of a person with a specific relationship or a witness who handled bribes，Especially documentary evidence and other evidence of transfer，Prove the criminal facts of bribery，Form a complete chain of evidence。The case has been reviewed and the facts are clear，The evidence is solid、Sufficiency，Initiate a public prosecution in accordance with the law，Pursue bribery criminally responsible。
(3) Accurate identification of illegal proceeds from bribery crimes，Proactively cooperate to recover stolen goods and recover losses。The procuratorial organs should actively perform their duties of recovering stolen goods and reversing losses when handling bribery cases，Accurately determine the amount of illegal proceeds from bribery crimes，Strengthen collaboration with supervisory authorities，Seized according to law、Seizure、Freeze the assets of the briber involved in the case，Cooperate with the supervisory authority to identify relevant evidence of the briber’s illegal sky bet online casino Sky bet sports betting APP gains，Accurately identify illegal proceeds from bribery crimes for the People’s Court，Judgment to recover the illegal income of the briber、Return to the victimized units to provide important support。
【Relevant regulations】
Article 64 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China、Article 389、Article 390
Article 176 of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
Article 45 of the Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China
Henan Gao Moumou Bribery Case
[Keywords]
Plea guilty to multiple bribes and huge bribes in the pharmaceutical field and property penalties
【Purpose】
Supervisory agencies and procuratorial agencies must strengthen connection and cooperation，Multiple bribes in key areas such as medical drugs、Illegal and criminal acts of huge bribery，Punished according to law，Form a joint effort to punish bribery crimes。We must implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity，Accurate identification of mitigating circumstances，Actively apply the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment。Pay attention to the comprehensive use of multiple measures and applicable penalties，Further curb bribery crimes by increasing the economic costs of illegal crimes，Improving the accuracy of combating bribery、Validity。
【Basic case details】
Defendant Gao Moumou，Male，Born on October 24, 1974，Han，Salesperson of Henan Shuangmou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.，Responsible for Nanyang, Henan、"Big Infusion" sales business in Pingdingshan area。
October 2013 to April 2019，The defendant Gao Moumou distributed the "large infusion" products produced by his company to a certain hospital in Fangcheng County, Nanyang City through Nanyang Jimou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jimou Company)。In order to sell "large infusion" products in this hospital for a long time and increase sales，Seeking unfair competitive advantage，According to the request of Mr. Hua, the then director of the hospital (adjudicated)，Bribery to Hua by delivering profits from "big infusion"，given to Hua 43 times, totaling 615.90,000 yuan；In order to get help from Zhang Moumou (adjudicated), the then chief of the pharmaceutical department of the hospital，A total of RMB 60,000 was given to Zhang Moumou 13 times。
July 15, 2019，The Supervisory Committee of Nanzhao County, Henan Province initiated an investigation into Gao Moumou’s suspected serious violation of law，On August 22, Gao Moumou was transferred to the Nanzhao County People’s Procuratorate for review and prosecution，On October 8, the Nanzhao County People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution against Gao Moumou at the Nanzhao County People’s Court on suspicion of bribery，On December 16, the Nanzhao County People’s Court sentenced Gao to five years in prison for bribery，Concurrently fined RMB 200,000。After the first instance verdict，The defendant Gao Moumou did not appeal，Judgment has taken effect。
【Performance of Supervision and Procuratorial Duties】
(1) Strengthen connection and cooperation，Strictly investigate and deal with bribery crimes in the field of medical drugs in accordance with laws and regulations。Discovered during investigation by the supervisory authority，Gao Moumou seeks to gain an advantage in industry competition，Using unfair competition methods to squeeze out other pharmaceutical companies，56 bribes to state officials in the medical and pharmaceutical fields。Nanzhao County Supervisory Committee consults with the procuratorate to intervene in advance，The facts of the case between both parties、Evidence etc. were communicated face to face，It is agreed that the amount of bribery in this case is extremely large、The circumstances are particularly serious，To the local political ecology、Legal environment、The business environment has caused serious damage，Should be severely punished in accordance with the law。Both supervisory and inspection parties provide additional verification on the case，Especially for the long time span of this case、Characteristics of frequent bribery，There is a consensus that relevant documentary evidence should continue to be obtained to support it。Nanzhao County Supervisory Committee promptly arranges dedicated personnel to take charge，Additionally retrieved the specific varieties of "large infusion" that Gao Moumou distributed to a certain hospital in Fangcheng County through Jimou Company、Quantity list、Settlement vouchers from both parties，and Gao Moumou collected money from Jimou Company 56 times, totaling 2929.Relevant evidence of 80,000 yuan，Fully confirms the time when Gao paid bribes to Hua after each hospital settled the infusion payment、Amount, etc.，Laid a solid foundation for the accuracy of the case。
(2) Adhere to working in the same direction，Strictly implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity。The amount of bribes in this case reached 621.90,000 yuan，The crime of bribery falls into the category of "particularly serious circumstances"，In the process of handling the case，Gao Moumou has ideological concerns，Even once had a negative attitude。The Nanzhao County Supervisory Committee stated on the one hand the determination of the supervisory authorities to investigate and handle corruption cases in the medical industry，On the other hand, clarify the legal policies，Fully inform the relevant regulations that truthful explanation of the situation can lead to lenient treatment。Finally，Gao Moumou puts down the burden，Open your heart，Specific means of committing bribery crimes against yourself、Amounts etc. are always stated stably。In the process of review and prosecution，Discovered by Nanzhao County People’s Procuratorate，Gao Moumou was placed under residential surveillance at a designated residence by the public security organs in April 2019 on suspicion of other crimes，During this period, he took the initiative to confess to Xiang Hua、The criminal facts of Zhang Moumou’s bribery，Should be considered a surrender according to law，Can be given a lighter or reduced punishment。After communicating with the supervisory authority，The procuratorial organ comprehensively considers the amount of bribe paid by Gao XX、Number of times、Subjective malignancy、Consequences and other factors，Recommended to reduce punishment according to law。At the same time，The procuratorate actively carries out the work of admitting guilt and accepting punishment，Explained and reasoned with Gao Moumou many times，Fully explain the facts of this case、Circumstances and sentencing basis，Gao Moumou expressed his guilt and punishment，Signed the "Recognition of Plea and Punishment" under the witness of the lawyer。Under trial，Gao Moumou plead guilty and repented in court，Indicates acceptance of the verdict and will not appeal。
(3) Pay attention to comprehensive management，Enhancing the effectiveness of case handling through measures such as increasing the use of property penalties。The Nanzhao County Supervisory Committee and the County People’s Procuratorate strictly investigate and deal with bribery crimes in key areas，Just use comprehensive punishment measures、Exchanged opinions on comprehensive management of cases、Building consensus。After the case is transferred for review and prosecution，The procuratorate has fully considered the amount of bribery in this case、My profit situation, confession and punishment, etc.，The defendant is sentenced to five to six years in prison in accordance with the law、Sentencing suggestions with a fine of NT$200,000 to NT$300,000，Adopted by Nanzhao County People’s Court。Nanzhao County People’s Procuratorate actively urged the defendant Gao Moumou to pay the fine，Powerfully promoted the implementation of property penalties，Enhanced legal authority and enforcement of penalties。
[Typical meaning]
(1) Strictly investigate and handle bribery crimes in key areas involving people’s livelihood，Effectively enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security。Focus on key points when handling bribery cases，Huge bribes in medical and pharmaceutical fields、Multiple bribes，Further increase the intensity of the attack。Especially for bribery to seek improper benefits，Efforts to corrode state workers in key areas，Severely disrupting the market economic order，Bribery crime that seriously affects the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security，We must crack down strictly in accordance with the law，Effectively promote the rectification of stubborn diseases in relevant industries，Comprehensively implement the people-centered development concept。
(2) Comprehensively consider the criminal facts of bribery、Plot，Strictly implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity。When investigating bribery crimes according to law，The procuratorial organ must comprehensively review the facts of the case，Proactively connect with supervisory authorities in a timely manner，Agree on gathering of evidence，Improving the evidence system，Effectively improve the accuracy of combating bribery crimes in accordance with the law、Validity。We should highlight the work orientation of cracking down hard in accordance with the law，Also pay attention to the facts of the case、Evidence situation，Accurately identify various lighter punishments in accordance with the law、Mitigating circumstances，Actively apply the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment，Realizing the punishment and prevention effects Sky bet football Sky bet football of investigating and handling bribery crimes。
(3) Pay attention to the comprehensive management of bribery crimes，Effectively enhance the effectiveness of case handling。The fundamental reason why bribers use any means to "hunt" party members and cadres is to seek improper benefits。In handling bribery criminal cases, we must pay attention to comprehensive management，On the basis of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the defendant in accordance with the law，Attach great importance to the application of property penalties in accordance with the law，Targetedly increase the illegal crime costs of bribers，Curb bribery driven by profit，Prevent bribery from the root，Maximizing the political effect of case handling、The organic unity of social effects and legal effects。
【Relevant regulations】
Article 52 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China、Article 53、Article 67、Article 389、Article 390
Article 15 of "Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 45 of the Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China
《Supreme People's Court、Interpretation of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Corruption and Bribery" Article 9
Bribery and illegal mining case involving Liu Moufu from Sichuan
[Keywords]
Transferring clues to key areas of bribery, simultaneous investigation and prosecution, case review, prosecution, recovery of stolen goods and loss
【Purpose】
The procuratorial organ is in the process of handling the case transferred by the public security organ，It is found that the perpetrator may be suspected of a job crime under the jurisdiction of the supervisory authority，Clues should be transferred to the supervisory authority in accordance with regulations。When the supervisory authority investigates mutually involved cases，The investigation should be coordinated and coordinated、Investigation、Review prosecution progress，And determine the facts、Fully demonstrate the application of laws and other important matters，Ensure balanced application of laws to related bribery and bribery cases。Procuratorate versus supervisory authority、Interaction cases transferred separately for prosecution by the public security organs，The case can be handled ex officio。When handling cases, we should pay attention to recovering stolen goods and reversing losses，Handle illegal gains from bribery crimes and related illegitimate interests in accordance with the law，Don’t let the briber profit from it。
【Basic case details】
Defendant Liu Moufu，Male，Born on February 4, 1968，Han，Construction team leader of XX City Municipal Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. in Sichuan Province。
(1) Bribery。2010 to 2018，Liu Moudong has served as deputy manager of XX City Municipal Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the municipal company)、Manager、Chairman and General Manager。2012，Liu Moufu was arranged by Liu Moudong，Entered a municipal company as a construction team leader。2013 to 2018，Liu Moudong helped Liu Moufu undertake the project of Jianjian Road in XX New District of XX City、South Outer Ring Road Phase I and other major road construction projects。In the meantime，Liu Moufu gave Liu Moudong (adjudicated) many times a total of 2.65 million yuan directly or through others。
(2) Crime of illegal mining。April to May 2017，Liu Moufu during the construction of the first phase of the South Outer Ring Road in a certain district of a certain city，Without a mining license，Exceeding the limited range，A total of 25,340 cubic meters of sand and gravel were illegally excavated on Kangtai Road, Qianjin Village, XX Town, XX District。The Sichuan Provincial Department of Land and Resources determined in accordance with the law that Liu Moufu’s illegal mining caused damage to mineral resources worth a total of 96.2.92 million yuan。
April 11, 2018，Liu Moufu is suspected of illegal mining，Adopted compulsory measures of residential surveillance by the Public Security Bureau of Ya'an City, Sichuan Province。The People’s Procuratorate of Yucheng District, Ya’an City is involved in the investigation process in advance，It was discovered that Liu Moufu was suspected of bribery、Clues to Liu Moudong’s suspected bribery crime，After communicating with Ya’an Municipal Public Security Bureau，Transfer clues to the problem to the Ya'an City Supervisory Committee。July 16，The Ya'an City Supervisory Committee took detention measures against Liu Moufu on suspicion of bribery，Transferred to Ya'an Municipal People's Procuratorate for prosecution on October 11th。Next day，The Ya'an City People's Procuratorate decided to hand over the case to the Ya'an City Yucheng District People's Procuratorate。October 17，The Yucheng Branch of the Ya'an City Public Security Bureau transferred Liu Moufu to the Yucheng District People's Procuratorate of Ya'an City for prosecution。February 11, 2019，The People's Procuratorate of Yucheng District, Ya'an City charged Liu with bribery、Public prosecution for illegal mining crime。April 23，Yucheng District People’s Court of Ya’an City issued the first-instance judgment，Sentenced Liu to four years in prison for bribery，A concurrent fine of 300,000 yuan，Sentenced Liu to one year and six months in prison for illegal mining，A concurrent fine of 50,000 yuan，Decided to execute five years’ imprisonment for several crimes，A concurrent fine of RMB 350,000。After the first instance verdict，Defendant Liu Moufu did not appeal，Judgment has taken effect。
【Performance of Supervision and Procuratorial Duties】
(1) The procuratorate intervenes in the investigation in advance，Clues found on bribery problem，It is recommended that the public security organs hand over the matter to the supervisory authorities in accordance with the law。Ya’an City Public Security Bureau during the investigation of Liu Moufu’s illegal mining crime，The procuratorate should intervene in advance upon consultation，Passed review of evidence materials、Go to the scene with investigators、Joint meeting discussions, etc.，It was discovered that Liu Moufu did not have construction engineering qualifications，Served as the construction team leader of a municipal company in violation of regulations，Borrowing other people’s qualifications to undertake a large number of municipal company construction projects。At the same time, Liu Moufu’s project construction account expenditure is unclear，There may be occupational violations and crimes，The procuratorial organ makes suggestions to the public security organ to promptly transfer clues to the problem to the supervisory organ for handling，Promote the organic connection between public security investigation and supervisory investigation。
(2) Supervisory agencies fully perform their organizational and coordination responsibilities，Effectively improve the quality and efficiency of handling mutually involved cases。July 6, 2018，Ya'an City Public Security Bureau suspects Liu Moufu of bribery、Clues on Liu Moudong’s alleged bribery were handed over to the Ya’an Municipal Supervisory Committee。Ya'an City Supervisory Committee was immediately established to provide bribes、Bribery case task force and conduct preliminary verification，Organization Prosecution、The public security and other relevant units held a joint meeting for case consultation，Combining the intersecting points of mutually involved cases、Common points in evidence collection、Difficulties in handling，Accurate determination survey、Investigation direction，Coordinate and promote the collection of evidence in mutually involved cases、via Jiangxi Province。After the supervisory authority filed the bribery case against Liu Moudong，Taking detention measures against Liu Moufu who is under residential surveillance by the public security organs on July 16。Supervisory agencies are dealing with bribery、While accepting bribes and investigating them together，Also actively fix relevant evidence for illegal mining crimes handled by the public security organs，Enable smooth program connection、Entity coordination is efficient。
(3) Supervisory agencies shall coordinate the transfer of mutually involved cases for review and prosecution，The procuratorial organ shall consolidate the case for review and prosecution in accordance with the law。In view of Liu’s suspicion of bribery、Illegal mining crime by supervisory authority、Public security organs investigate and handle separately，The procuratorate is in the process of early intervention，Know and understand the handling of mutually involved cases in a timely manner，Communicate and negotiate the progress of transfer for prosecution，Ensure the simultaneous transfer of mutually involved cases，Program connection is smooth。Supervisory agency before transfer for review and prosecution，Invite the prosecution again、Public security organs conduct pre-litigation consultations，Intensify bribery、Evidence materials sorting out the crime of bribery，In order to coordinate the investigation and jurisdiction of job-related crimes and the territorial jurisdiction of other related crimes，Clearly determine the jurisdiction of the case based on the territorial jurisdiction of illegal mining cases，Please designate jurisdiction for occupational crimes and consolidate the cases。October 11, 2018、17th，Supervisory agency、The public security organs have successively transferred sky bet online sports sky bet online sports betting betting them to the procuratorate for review and prosecution，After the procuratorate accepted the cases respectively，To ensure unified handling of mutually involved cases，Decided to consolidate the case for review and prosecution，Bribery according to law、Illegal mining charges filed in court。
(4) Supervisory agencies、Procuratorate coordination and cooperation，Promptly identify the perpetrator’s illegal income and improper benefits obtained，Recover stolen goods and recover losses according to law。Discovered by the Procuratorate，Liu Moufu undertook 19 important traffic and road projects in Ya'an City through bribery，Involving the city’s key construction of a comprehensive transportation hub in western Sichuan，obtained huge profits，Gaining greater illegal profits through illegal mining during project construction，Should be severely punished according to law。To recover stolen goods and recover losses according to law，The supervisory inspection cooperates with the following tasks: First, the procuratorial organ requires the public security organ to supplement the identification，The total value of Liu’s illegal mining of mineral resources found to be 96.2.92 million yuan。Second, the supervisory authority is investigating both bribery and bribery，Find out that Liu Moufu falsely increased the amount of sand and gravel used，With the help of Liu Moudong，Illegal profits of more than 12.56 million yuan from municipal companies。The third is the supervisory authority、Procuratorate、Public security agencies increase cooperation，Prompted Mr. Liu to take the initiative to refund 8.59 million yuan。The fourth is to coordinate the public security organs to handle other illegal gains involved in the case in accordance with the law。The court ruled to recover illegal mining income 96.After 2.92 million yuan，Supervisory agency、The procuratorial organs communicate with the public security organs in a timely manner，For other illegal gains involved in the case，Written recommendation to the public security organs to handle it in accordance with the law。The public security organs coordinate with relevant departments to confiscate them in accordance with the law。
[Typical meaning]
(1) The procuratorate found clues to bribery and other job-related crimes during the handling of the case，Should be transferred to the supervisory authority in accordance with regulations。The procuratorial organ handles cases and performs legal supervision functions，It is found that the perpetrator may be suspected of a job crime under the jurisdiction of the supervisory authority，Clues transfer should be strictly implemented in accordance with the law、Provisions on functional jurisdiction and other matters，Transfer clues to the problem to the supervisory authority，It may be suggested that relevant departments transfer clues to the supervisory authority，Form a joint force in punishing corruption。For those who discover clues about bribery crimes during early intervention in the investigation work，Guide the public security organs to fix evidence clues in a timely manner，Work together to transfer leads。Especially for important work in the country、Key Project、Bribery crimes in major projects，It should be recommended to investigate and deal with it seriously in accordance with the law，Accurately promote the investigation of bribery and bribery。
(2) The supervisory authority assumes the main investigation responsibility for handling cases of mutual involvement，It is necessary to coordinate the investigation as a whole、Investigation work，Form anti-corruption synergy。Assume the organizational and coordination responsibilities of the supervisory agency for the main investigation，Coordinate the progress of investigation and investigation work、Coordinate the connection and application of investigation detention measures and criminal coercive measures、Negotiate important matters such as important investigations and use of investigative measures。Public security organs that handle cases of mutual involvement、Procuratorate，We must proactively and promptly report the handling of relevant cases to the supervisory authority，So that the supervisory authorities can fully understand the handling of mutually involved cases in a timely manner。Relevant case-handling units should focus on forming synergy，Comprehensive and accurate identification of criminal facts and alleged charges，Ensure that mutually involved cases are in the handling process、Be unified and balanced in all aspects such as fact determination and legal application。
(3) Procuratorate versus supervisory authority、Interaction cases transferred separately for prosecution by the public security organs，The case can be handled ex officio，Pay attention to the connection work of supplementary inspections。The procuratorial organs should strengthen their cooperation with the supervisory organs、Communication with public security agencies，Coordinate the transfer and prosecution progress of mutually involved cases，Returned for supplementary investigation，Consolidate the cases in a timely manner after accepting the review and prosecution separately。Need to return for supplementary investigation、Returned for supplementary investigation，The procuratorate should return the cases to the supervisory authority at the same time、Public Security Agency，And coordinate the program connection。Those who meet the conditions for self-inspection，After communicating with the supervisory authority，The procuratorate can carry out its own supplementary investigation，Improving the evidence system。
(4) Take multiple measures，Handle illegal gains from bribery and related illegitimate interests in accordance with the law，Don’t let criminals profit from it。Intensify efforts to recover stolen goods and recover losses，Illegal gains from bribery crimes and illegitimate interests related to bribery crimes，Enforcement should be through supervision、Criminal punishment、Administrative penalties and other methods will be comprehensively used in accordance with the law to deal with them，Ensure that no one can obtain illegal benefits from illegal and criminal activities such as bribery，Recover losses for the country to the greatest extent。
【Relevant regulations】
Article 64 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China、Article 67, Paragraph 1、Article 69, paragraph 1、Article 343, Paragraph 1、Article 389, Paragraph 1、Article 390
Article 245 of "Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 45 of the Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China
Editor: Wang Yixiao