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In order to implement the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Party History Study Education Mobilization Conference，On the evening of April 16，The Reading Group of the "Chinese Communist Party History Learning" of the CPPCC National Committee is arranged according to the reading plan，The title of Mr. Jin Chong and Mr. Jin Chong and the title of "Several Important Jim in the Hundred Years of Party History"，A online tutoring lecture。

Mr. Jin Chong and the famous experts of the Communist Party of China and the famous experts in modern Chinese history。Rigidity of his governance，The theoretical skills are deep，Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academy，Research results excellent，It is the authority in the research of the Chinese Communist Party's history。The lecture started from the establishment of the Communist Party of China，Focus on the convening of the Zunyi meeting with historic turns and its significance，and the process of the establishment of socialism with Chinese characteristics after the establishment, reform and opening up of New China，Not only does it sort out several important junits in the history of the century -old party，Also explore the reasons and meaning of the formation of the root cause。Telling the Ben Existing Express、Delivery，impressive，Benefits a lot。The content of this lecture was published in this forum，Reader，There are deletions when published。

Introduction to the speaker:

Jin Chong and，Seventh、eight、Member of the Ninth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，Marxist theoretical research and construction engineering consulting committee member，Peking University、Fudan University、Part -time professor and doctoral supervisor of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Foreign academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences，Original deputy director of the CPC Central Literature Research Office、Researcher。Once the president of the Chinese History Association，Secretary of the Youth League Committee of Fudan University、Deputy Director of the Department of Academic Affairs、Deputy Director of Teaching and Sciences，Editor -in -chief of Cultural Relics Publishing House，Member of the Leading Group of National Philosophy and Social Science Planning。Main works include: "Turning Age-1947 of China", "The Twenty Century China History", "Draft of the Revolution of 1911", etc.; "Zhu Dechuan", etc.; published more than a hundred articles about academic papers。

The establishment of the Communist Party of China

Mao Zedong said: The birth of the Communist Party of China is a "big incident in the world"。General Secretary Xi Jinping also emphasized this judgment。"Open the World"，It is the highest -level adjective that our Chinese people love to use。It contains at least two layers of meaning: first，It opened a new world that has never been before before; second，Since it is "opening the new world"，That is not a local or temporary change，but have generality、Changes in fundamental and long -term meaning。

In ancient China, there was no political party under the monarchy。to modern times，Although there are many Western ways of political parties，But there is no real everything for the people、All political parties that rely on the people and have scientific theoretical guidance and strict organization。This is also the case for the Chinese alliance that has played an important progress in the 1911 Revolution.。Only the birth of the Communist Party of China，Only the first time in China has a scientific theory -guidance of Marxism、Being able to rely on and launch the most vast number of people，and form a political force with advanced elements in the people。If there is no such a strong party to lead the leader，To achieve national rejuvenation and people's happiness，Is it impossible at all。

Therefore，The Communist Party of China was established，There are three new features that have never had any political parties in Chinese history in the past:

First，It has a clear banner with scientific theory -Marxism to observe and analyze Chinese issues。No Marxism，There is no Communist Party of China。Sun Yat -sen led the Revolution of 1911 to overthrow the Qing government，Many people think that the revolutionary merits are achieved，It turns out that "the revolution has not yet succeeded"。to the early New Culture Movement，Progressive intellectuals Sky bet football realize Sky bet sports betting APP that not only must not overthrow the old regime in politics，It is also necessary to liberate from the constraints of thought。But the liberation of light from the ideology and culture cannot solve the problem of China，So I proposed "Reform Society"，Create a new social ideal。After the establishment of the Communist Party of China，The first time it is clear that the problem that China needs to solve now is to oppose imperialism、Opponents of feudalism。From now on，There is a clear goal in advance，and also make it clear about the lowest and highest programs of the Chinese revolution。

2，From the time of its establishment，I am determined to penetrate the lower level，To the most labor -working public in China to do the work of the masses。This is the fundamental of the Communist Party，It has not been done by any of the previous parties in China。Mr. Chen Wangdao told me，At that time，It is not easy to go to the workers to carry out publicity and organizational work。When he and Shen Yanbing often work at the factory，Standing at a high place to speak to workers，But not many people care about them。Later, they explored some practices in practice，Go to the factory to run workers night school，improved their thoughts，I found activists，Then engage in the workers' club，Labor movement in the future。Then go to the countryside to carry out the peasant movement，So when this party is established, go to the bottom layer，Go among the most basic masses，Especially workers、Go to farmers。

third，Build the party into a strong revolutionary party composed of advanced ideals and strict discipline，Make it the core force of the leadership of the revolutionary cause。When the party was established，Party members are also very complicated，A major representative，Some always adhere to the revolution，Become the leader of the party，Like Mao Zedong、Dong Biwu; some sacrificed for the revolution; some were separated from the party; some became traitors ...，Finally, the party really built a common ideal、Advanced tissue of strict discipline。No core force，Can't do anything。

Failure of the Great Revolution

The Communist Party of China has the above three new features because of the above，So the KMT and the Communist Party cooperation will be carried out shortly after the establishment，Promoting the rise of the Great Revolution。But unfortunately，The vigorous revolution finally failed。

Why did the Great Revolution fail? I want to have both objective and subjective reasons:

Objective reason is the comparison of the strength of both parties: world capitalism is entering a relatively stable period，Can concentrate more strength to interfere with the Chinese revolution。China's old forces are wrong，Rich reactionary political experience，It is by no means that it can be destroyed by a revolutionary impact。The Communist Party of China is still young after all，Theoretical preparation、Actual political experience and understanding of China's national conditions are insufficient，The objective situation is forced to immediately participate in such a Great Revolution，and stand at the forefront of the struggle。and the Communist International's guidance of the Chinese Revolution has a good aspect，There are also some incorrect opinions。In this case，The victory of the Great Revolution in the country at the time，The condition is not available。

From the perspective of subjective guidance，Early in the early establishment of the Communist Party of China，Especially the power of hostile power and the power of the alliance is obviously greater than yourself，The most likely the most likely to happen is the right leaning。This is exactly like this during the Dawn Revolution。Although there have been "left" errors in the actual work of urban and rural areas，The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, led by Chen Duxiu, is sometimes vigilant，but too much value the Kuomintang's power，Fear too exciting Chiang Kai -shek、Wang Jingwei，It is always considered to be relieved that the tension that appears in the Communist Party and the Communist Party can be relieved，You can maintain unity。Results，The Kuomintang rightists see the weakness of the Communist Party，Get inch，Step by step，Qi Yan is getting higher and higher，The power is getting bigger and bigger;，Dare not let go of the development of progress，Dare to counterattack it straightforwardly when necessary，So，Lost one by one in existing positions，Also holding all kinds of fantasy，Not ready to cope with the sudden incident。

Facing failure，The Communist Party of China has re -recognized many important sky bet online casino issues，Formulated some Sky bet football new policies。The most important are three points:

First，Party's independence problem。Independence is not the two parties to fight for power for their respective interests。Party independence，Whether the party independently puts forward opinions and actively acts in accordance with the people's wishes and the actual situation in China，instead of being led by others，This is the key to the success of the revolutionary cause。

2，Land Revolution Questions。Farmers account for the vast majority of China's population。Correct solution of land ownership，It is the strongest desire for thousands of years of farmers。But the feudal land ownership has been implemented in China for thousands of years，Delivery Positive Personal Persons have almost a lot of contact with it。Therefore，I really want to solve this problem，The resistance encountered is self -evident。

third，Military issues。Mao Zedong loudly proposed at the August 7th meeting after the failure of the Great Revolution.。See you blood，Cut the key。People movement is naturally important、Should be done，But you cannot "do a special public movement"。Certificate of World History，No correct military command，No one has undergone strict military training、Army with strict organization and rich combat experience as the backbone，It is not possible to seize the regime。Even if it was obtained for a while，It is difficult to last。

Party's independence、Land Revolution、"Government in the gun"，It is the three fundamental problems of the Communist Party's leadership of the Chinese revolution。Clarified these three problems，The Chinese Revolution is a big step ahead，Entering a new period of the land revolution and armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries。

Pioneering of Revolutionary Base

Regime for the benefit of workers, peasants and soldiers，It should implement democratic centralized system，Dedicated through the conference of the workers, peasants and soldiers; fourth，It must be relatively weak in the enemy's strength、Establish a consolidated revolutionary base for areas with favorable terrain and economic conditions，and the development of its own strength，Take the "Development" method，Continuously expand this base like a snowball; fifth，All of this depends on the party's leadership，and the party in order to implement the correct leader，Must be placed in a very important position，Always pay attention to correcting various wrong thoughts。Otherwise，"Star Fire，You can also become a empty words。

The ways and methods of solving these problems correctly，It is impossible to rely on a few people to think of it out of thin air，Not very complete at once，It can only be continuously summarized in the exploration of practice to form the experience and lessons of success and failure。The summary of this lesson lesson can not only stay at the summary of the specific problem solution encountered in the work place，but need to be deepened，Upgrade into a regular understanding。This kind of understanding process is difficult to complete at once，often needs to be repeatedly tested and developed in practice many times。

"Rural Siege City，Military Getting Registration ", the correct path of the Chinese revolution，This is how it formed step by step in the exploration of practice。

After the failure of the Great Revolution，Facing the sinister environment of "Black Cloud Press the City"，Under such a disparity situation in the enemy and me，What should I do? Where is the way out?

"Star Fire，You can Laoguan "，It was Mao Zedong's reinforcement to Lin Biao in Gutian in January 1930。This letter sent to the Red Fourth Army forces in the form of party communication，Correctly answered the future and way out of the Chinese revolution.。It has two layers of meaning: one is that the Chinese revolution is still in the stage of "the fire of the stars"; the other is to have this "fire of the stars"，As long as there is the right leader，It will definitely ignite the fire that can "Liaoyuan" on the land of China。

In order to enable the "Fire of the Stars" to develop into a "Liaoyuan" fire，The correct leader must solve several problems according to the actual situation of China: first，We must have a strong armed force，That is, a reliable and combable revolutionary armed force，Without this condition，Others can't talk about it; second，Fully launch and rely on the masses，Make this army deeply rooted in the masses，Get the full support of the masses，and continuously supplemented from the masses; third，Establish a people's regime when Sky bet online sports betting APP download Sky bet online sports betting APP download conditions permit，This kind of regime should be the own of the workers, peasants and soldiers、energy

Zunyi Conference

Historical positioning of the Zunyi Conference，The "Resolution on Several Historical Issues" adopted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1945 has a clear assertion: "it is the most historic change in the Communist Party of China"; The Resolution of Historical Issues also pointed out: "This is a turning point in the history of the party"。

Lu Dingyi, who has experienced this huge change in 1944, said: "It is a very important key in party history，There are two routes within the party during the civil war: one is a line of ‘left’ pouring opportunism，One is the correct route represented by Chairman Mao。The Zunyi meeting is the juncture from the wrong route to the correct route。”

Lu Dingyi said the "two routes"，The former is to make Marxist dogma，Instructions and decisions of the Communist International，Everything obeys its command and act，Opportunities of "Left" during the ten years of civil war，Wang Ming and the early Bogu are its main representatives; the latter is to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the actual actual Chinese revolution，Independent，Persist in all the actual departure from China，Relying on the strength of the Chinese people，Go to win victory，Mao Zedong is its main representative。These are two very different guidance thoughts。

Before the Zunyi meeting，The former has an advantage in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China; after the Zunyi meeting，The latter obtained an advantageous position at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。This change，It can be called a turning point in the history of the Communist Party of China，The relationship between the fate of the party and the country is too great，It is not easy to get this change。

"Left" error finally led to the fifth anti -"encirclement" war failure，The Red Army was forced to Long March，Make the party and the Red Army face extremely serious crises。But when the Long March starts，The leadership of the party and the Red Army is still in the hands of the "left" tutoringist。They regardless of the actual situation around，Take a straight line marching，In an attempt to go to the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base, the same place、Six Legion Converge，also caused the heavy losses when they crossed the Xiangjiang River。When entering Guizhou，The Red Army has been in the ruthless life and death juncture。If you walk along this road again，The Party and the Red Army will be completely broken。The fact is the best instructor。Connection of contradictions，It also shows that the long -term problems have been reached.。The Zunyi meeting was held in this case。

The Zunyi meeting directly solves military issues and organizational issues。This was a decisive and possible problem at that time。But its meaning is not limited to these two problems，Both guidelines are reflected behind these two problems、The fundamental opposition to the two methodologies。Mao Zedong said clearly when he talked with foreign guests in 1963: "Really knowing how to independence starts from the Zunyi meeting。This meeting criticized dogmaticism。Teachers say that everything in the Soviet Union is right，Different Chinese combination。"This meeting reversed and solved a fundamental problem faced by the Communist Party of China: what exactly is based on the command of the Communist International and the" Left "tutoringism.，Still independently starts from the actual national conditions of China。After the meeting，The Party and the Red Army immediately used a new look，Show strong vitality and vitality，Sidu Chishui，Arrive in northern Shaanxi，Crossing Jinsha River and Dadu River，The Four Fourth Army of the Red Four Fans will meet，Get rid of the new internal crisis，Player north to go north，Arrive in northern Shaanxi，Get the Long March victory。

This later，Passing through the Wayaobao Meeting、The outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War、Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee、The seven of the party's rectification to the party。Seeking truth from facts、Crusher route、Independent concept，Just engraved in the hearts of the Chinese Communists step by step，Become a recognized road within the party，Form the new tradition of the whole party。Later，Revolution in China、Construction、Each period of the reform，It becomes an intangible measure of right and wrong behavior。

Yan'an Rectification and the CPC Seven Congress

From Yan'an to the 7th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，It is an important link in the process of the Chinese revolution。It sky bet online sports sky bet online casino betting can be said，No Yan'an rectification，It is difficult to have the rapid victory of the revolution，It will not usher in the birth of New China just a few years later。

Why when the War of Resistance Against Japan is in a hard life and death fight，The Communist Party of China will have so big determination to be in the whole party for several years、Especially for the squeezing time among senior cadres to carry out such a rectification learning campaign? because，People’s actions are always guided by their own ideological guidance。Without the May 4th Movement, the old thoughts that had long been dominated for a long time、Old culture、Old traditional，Repeated controversy and comparison，It is impossible to accept the new Marx Leninist truth，It is impossible to establish socialism in people's minds、The ideal of communism，There will be no major turning point of the Communist Party of China and a major turning point in Chinese history。Yan'an rectification is to solve the problem of this ideological guidance。

The basic principles of Marxism -Leninism are all four seas.，But it is produced in Europe。Different specific conditions and characteristics of countries in the world，To realize this ideal, there is a question of how to combine Marxism -Leninism with the actual situation of the country，For China，Is the problem of Sinicization of Marxism。

Mao Zedong realized this problem very early。He said in "Oppose the Origin" in 1930: "We say Marxism is right，Not because of what Marx is ‘Xianzhi’，but because of his theory，In our practice，In our struggle，Prove that it is right。"He also said:" The victory of the Chinese revolutionary struggle requires Chinese comrades to understand the situation in China。"This is the only correct path to guide the Chinese revolution to win。

How can I do this? Mao Zedong's method is: Cutting and practical investigation and research，Analysis of specific issues，Everything starts from actual，To be realistic for truth。But it is not easy to turn this thought into the general style of the whole party。Mao Zedong's extremely important idea has not been accepted by many people within the party for a long time，How can I even be ridiculed as a Marxism in the ravine? There are two kinds of them: one is to make Marxist dogma、Absolute Soviet experience，When I encountered a problem, I just wanted to find what I said in the classic works of Marxist Leninism、How did the Soviet Union do it in the past，Forcibly asking people to do it as follows，instead of investigation and research，Regardless of China's actual situation。This is a dogmaist。The other is only some narrow personal experience，No investigation and research in the event of trouble，Only by your own subjective wishes or subjective wanting to make judgment，A lot of chaos。This is an empiricist。Both of them are subjectiveism，Positional is the main，If this kind of thought is in a dominant position，Revolution will not succeed。

Learning from Wind，It is the determination to fundamentally correct this situation。It requires students to generally and in -depth study "22 files"，Exchange opinions，Establish a clear standard for measuring and judging right and wrong，Guide everyone to summarize the historical experience I have experienced at a considerable time，Contrast check，Find out what is right and wrong，How to succeed and how can it lead to failure，Change those bad party style、Learning style、Wenfeng，To emancipate the mind、Self -modification。This is the main purpose of Yan'an's rectification，Is it effectively and effective。

After Yan'an rectification，The thoughts and style of the Communist Party of China have changed a lot from top to bottom，There is both unwavering ideals and beliefs，can start from the actual situation，Implementing flexible maneuver strategic tactics，Effective launch and rely on the general public，Therefore, after more than 4 years, it won the victory of the Chinese Revolution，Established New China。

Establishment of New China

General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "Establish the Communist Party of China、Established the People's Republic of China、Promoting the cause of reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics，It is the three major historical events that have occurred in my country since the May 4th Movement，It is the three major milestones that have achieved the great rejuvenation Sky bet football of the Chinese nation since modern times。”

Why is the establishment of the People's Republic of China as one of the "three milestones" that have realized the great rejuvenation Sky bet football of the Chinese nation since modern times? Sky bet football Because sky bet online casino from then on，The fate of China has changed fundamentally，It can be called "changing the world"。It prominently manifested as three aspects: national independence、National Unification、National Unification。

One is，The Chinese have stood up since then。After the Opium War，China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity is constantly being destroyed by foreign。A series of aggression war，A series of unequal treaties imposed on the head of Chinese people。Chinese people are regarded as "inferiority and other nations" by outsiders with high toe toes，Cattle and sheep that can be slaughtered by others。The shadow of the division has been shrouded in the minds of Chinese people。Reactionary Chinese rulers，Everything depends on the eyes of outsiders。Establishment of New China，completely changed this situation。

Established from the New China，Chinese people must be claimed by the Chinese people themselves，Come to handle it yourself，Never tolerate the imperialist country to interfere with the China internal affairs，Never tolerate what compromises and concessions on the fundamental principle。This has a profound impact on the progress and development of New China since then。With this one，Only when the Chinese people raise their eyebrows on their own land，Can be based on the interests and actual situation of the people，Explore and build a new country and new society，This has a profound impact on the progress and development of New China since then。

The second is，The people's regime is the people。Old Chinese society，The vast majority of the Chinese farmers、Workers are regarded as "the next person"，Naturally, you can't talk about participating in the governance country。After the founding of New China，The most fundamental change is that the relationship between people has completely changed，"Serving the people wholeheartedly" becomes the most loud motto，It is also the fundamental purpose of the Communists。People are commensurate with "comrades"。I worked as a youth representative of the people's representative conferences from all walks of life from Shanghai from 1950 to 1952，Seeing a lot of ordinary workers、Farmers speak at the conference。No manuscript，Speak what you want，Mayor Chen Yi sat below to listen to。The representatives also voted for the mayor。This kind of scene has never been seen in the old China。The people really feel that they have raised their heads、Is the master of the country，Fundamental changes in the mental appearance，generated all the hearts、Nothing and indestructible cohesion。This is the fundamental motivation of the new situation after the birth of New China.。

Three is，The realization of the unity and unity of the motherland。Old China is a vast.、There are great differences in conditions in various regions and small production accounts for absolute advantages，The common people have been ridiculed as "a plate of loose sand"。Since modern times，Western powers have divided and compete for the scope of the forces，The extremely serious chaotic situation of warlord separation and warlord melee in China for a long time。Local，There are all kinds of evil forces of different sizes of each other。In the country，Can't talk about uniform will at all、Unified Law、Unified action can speak，Naturally, you can't talk about any national rejuvenation and people's happiness。

Establishment of New China，What appears in front of people is a new situation of unprecedented people's unity。56 ethnic groups in China，It has already formed me among you、I have you in me、No one can do without anyone's intimate relationship。The route of the party and the people's government、policy、Policy、Decision，It has been implemented in all corners of the country，Ten people do one after another in the heart。This is never before in Chinese history in China。

The road of reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics

After the end of the "Cultural Revolution"，In the face of severe test，Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people through summarizing previous experience lessons，Continue to explore forward in practice，Going out a new road to realize the great rejuvenation Sky bet football of the Chinese nation。This is: holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics，Extractional decisions of implementing reform and opening up decisively。

Implement such a socialist reform of the previous no ancients，Facing thousands of problems，Where should I start? As the saying goes: glory must catch the cow nose。Deng Xiaoping and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China are determined Sky bet football to seize the "bull nose" of the Sky bet sports betting APP righteous thinking line，As a breakthrough in the new situation of opening reform and development。

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will bring a great liberation to China。People’s ideological ideas and mental appearance have changed dramatically，Hot air everywhere，Full of confidence in the future of the country。The Chinese nation is a hard work、Brave、A wise nation。If hundreds of millions of people have not formed such a unique work goal，If you cannot fully release the infinite potential hidden among the people，China can create a huge achievement of the world's shocking socialist modernization and reform and opening up in more than 40 years.。

After the Chinese people embark on the new road of reform and opening up，What kind of flag should be held? What are the goals of reform and opening up?。Socialism with Chinese characteristics，is the total answer to these questions。

What is "socialism with Chinese characteristics"? Its meaning is very clear: first，What to build is a socialist society，Never other society。2，Chinese things must be done according to the actual national conditions of China。The construction and management experience of other countries，Whether it is the Soviet Union or the Western country，As long as it is beneficial to the construction of a socialist cause with Chinese characteristics，All can and should learn and learn from，But you can never copy it as you can copy it。

Building socialism with Chinese characteristics is a very clear flag。Holding this flag，Make the 100 billion Chinese people in common in a clear direction，With a common criterion for judging right and wrong。So why can you achieve such a huge victory under this banner for a long time? The key is: since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I have always insisted on not deepening reform and opening up in actual work。

Deng Xiaoping refers to the reform of China's second revolution。The purpose of the revolution is in the final analysis to liberate productivity，Reform as the self -improvement and development of the socialist system，It is also to further liberate productivity。So，Reform is an important part of the Communist Party of China to lead the Chinese people to carry out a great social revolution。

Full explanation，China's reform has always been summarizing new experience、Take new measures to continuously advance and deepen，China's socialist system has always been established by establishing a new system、Mechanism and new specific system, continuously improve and develop。This is also the most important political and institutional guarantee that can achieve huge success and attractive achievements in the world with Chinese characteristics。

What is the relationship between insisting on building socialism with Chinese characteristics and adhering to the implementation of reform and opening up? Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of all the theories and practice of the party since the reform and opening up，Reform and opening up is the practice of party leading the people to build socialism with Chinese characteristics。Only socialism can save China。Only reform and opening up can develop China，Develop socialism，Develop Marxism。

In short，China's reform and opening up and socialist modernization，Adhere to the basic principles of scientific socialism without shaking，Also insist on starting from the actual actual situation of Chinese national conditions，Make socialism with distinctive Chinese characteristics in China; prevent "left" from "left"、Do not take the closed rigid road，Be wary of right、Do not take the evil road that changes the flag，The Communist Party of China has always led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to work in the correct direction and the established goals.。This is also China's reform and construction, so it can achieve the mystery of the world's shocking achievements in more than 40 years。

"Those who do a hundred miles for half 90。"" on the road for forward，Uncertain factors and unpredictable difficulties will still be many。When we move forward with confidence，Have enough mental preparation for these。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the national poverty alleviation summary and commendation conference: "The leaders of the Communist Party of China and our socialist system in my country are against risk challenges、The fundamental guarantee of gathering force to overcome difficulties。"As long as the whole party and the people of the country do not forget the original heart，Unity and consistency，Thousands Sky bet football of people，Realizing the great rejuvenation Sky bet football of the Chinese nation This can comfort the ancestors' lofty historical mission，It will be perfectly transformed into reality!

Editor in charge: Wang Shiyang