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The "Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-term Goals for 2035" adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，Improve ecosystem quality and stability。This is a major decision-making and deployment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core with an eye on the overall situation，To promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature、Building a beautiful China is of great significance。
Accurately grasp the integrity of the ecosystem
Landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses are a community of life，Man’s lifeline lies in the fields，The lifeblood of fields is water，The lifeline of water is in the mountains，The lifeblood of the mountain is the soil，The lifeblood of soil lies in forests and grass。This reveals the dependence between various elements of the ecosystem and the dependence between the entire ecosystem and people，To strengthen the overall protection and restoration of the ecosystem、Provide compliance to improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem。
Correctly understand that mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grass are a community of life。Ecology is a unified natural system，It is interdependence、Tightly connected organic chain。Ecosystem elements such as mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses，Have their own internal structures、Function and change rules，Coupled with other elements、mutual influence。Mountain Management、Water Control、Forest management、Field management、Lake management、Actions in any aspect of grass management，It will affect other links，Even affecting the overall ecosystem。
The overall quality and stability of my country’s ecosystem is not optimistic。my country’s moderately or above ecologically fragile areas account for 55% of the country’s land space area，9 of which are extremely vulnerable areas.7%，19 severely vulnerable areas.8%。National soil erosion area 273.690,000 square kilometers，28 of the land area (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).6%；The river is cut off、The lake is shrinking、Problems such as water pollution still exist；Forest coverage is far lower than the global average，Moderately and severely degraded grassland accounts for more than 1/3；Biodiversity index decreased，Some rare and endemic species are critically endangered。This has become a prominent constraint on the high-quality development of our country’s economy and meeting the people’s needs for a better life，sky bet online sports Sky bet online sports betting APP download betting Great efforts must be made to solve it。
Continuously improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem。Establish an overall view、Overall view，Settling long-term accounts、Overall account，Consider the mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses as a community of life、Comprehensive policy。It is necessary to study in depth the criteria for judging the health status of each factor，Analyze the role of each factor one by one、The paths and rules of mutual influence，Clear the task list and negative list for each governance link，Develop an overall plan and action plan to systematically carry out ecological protection and restoration from the source。Establish and improve the coordination and linkage mechanism for ecosystem protection and governance，Coordinate and leverage the joint governance efforts of all parties，Open up land and waters、Upstream, middle and downstream、Up the mountain and down the mountain、Above and underground，Promote the transformation of the "single factor" protection and restoration model to the "landscape, forest, field, lake and grass" system protection and restoration model。
Promoting a virtuous cycle in the ecosystem
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，my country adheres to green development，Comprehensively increase ecological protection efforts，The trend of ecosystem deterioration has been basically contained，Realized the long-term expansion of desertified land area to continuous reduction、Forest area and forest stock volume have increased from long-term decline to annual increase、Double decline in soil and water loss area intensity、A historic change for the better in the ecology of rivers and lakes。But my country’s ecosystem is still relatively fragile，Protection pressure is still high，It is urgent to strengthen ecosystem protection。
Promote the recuperation of grasslands, forests, rivers and lakes。Adhere to the combination of use and nourishment，Reasonably reduce the intensity of development and utilization，Protect and effectively restore the natural ecological carrying capacity，Comprehensive improvement of natural ecological service functions，Realize sustainable utilization of resources。Through comprehensive measures such as "banning", "rest", "rotation" and "planting"，Implement enclosure protection、Ecological migration、In captivity，Expand the return of farmland to forest and grassland，Carry out grassland protection and management according to local conditions，Improving the natural forest protection system，Completely stop commercial logging of natural forests，Crack down on deforestation、Deforestation and grass digging、Illegal reclamation and occupation and other Sky bet online sports betting APP download sky bet online casino illegal activities。Through comprehensive measures such as "treating", "preserving", "returning", "reducing" and "protecting"，Conduct management and restoration of ecologically overloaded rivers and lakes，Guarantee ecological water use in rivers and lakes，Return river and lake ecological space，Protect and rationally utilize aquatic biological resources in rivers and lakes，Establish and improve the long-term mechanism for the recuperation of rivers and lakes。
Build a natural protected area system with national parks as the main body。Improve delineation standards，Clear the functional positioning of nature reserves，Scientific delineation of types of nature reserves，Establishing the main status of national parks，Integrate and optimize various existing nature reserves，Reasonably adjust the scope of nature reserves。Sound management system，Improving the establishment of nature reserves、Promotion (demotion)、Adjustment and Exit Rules，Implement hierarchical management and differentiated control，Strengthen monitoring、Evaluation、Supervision、Assessment，Consolidate management responsibilities。Innovative construction mechanism，Strengthen the construction of natural protected areas，Carry out restoration of damaged natural ecosystems by zoning and classification。Play the main role of the government，Explore the universal sharing mechanism。Improving legislation on nature reserves，Carry out regular supervision and inspection actions。
Strengthen the ecological protection and management of large rivers and important lakes and wetlands。In-depth implementation of "water saving first、Spatial Balance、System governance、The idea of using both hands to control water，In terms of making up for shortcomings，Regulating the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources should be the core，Building a group of basics、Pivotal、Strategic major projects，Building a modern national water network，Comprehensively improve water supply and water ecological protection capabilities；In terms of strong supervision，We must insist on using water to determine demand、Measure the water and act，Reasonably determine the ecological water volume of rivers and lakes and the ecological flow of important control sections，Promptly break down the available water volume into different administrative regions step by step，Strictly controlled area、Total water consumption and intensity of industry，Strict supervision of water supply, consumption, and discharge and other aspects，Strengthen water licensing management and water resource demonstration，sky bet online casino Implement the strictest Sky bet sports betting APP water resources management system。Strengthening wetland ecological protection and management，Implement the wetland protection and restoration project，Strengthening management and control of wetland uses。
Implementing major projects for biodiversity protection。Do a good job in biodiversity monitoring and investigation，Improving the biodiversity observation network，Comprehensive analysis of the richness of biological species、Rare and endangered level、Threat level，Know the dynamic changing trends of biodiversity in a timely manner，Improving the early warning level of biodiversity。Improving the biodiversity protection network，Coordinate in-situ and ex-situ protection，Strengthening the protection of habitats of important species，Building biodiversity protection corridors，Repair damaged or degraded ecosystems。Implement effective protection of biological diversity，Improving the conservation and breeding system of biological resources，Crack down on indiscriminate hunting of wild animals、Behaviors such as destroying wild animal and plant resources。Strengthening the control of alien species，Improve monitoring, early warning and risk management mechanisms。
Correctly handle the relationship between man and nature
Improve ecosystem quality and stability，The relationship between man and nature must be correctly handled，From changing nature、Conquering nature turns to adjusting human behavior、Correct people’s wrong behavior。
Improve the farmland fallow rotation system。The strictest farmland protection system must be implemented、While strengthening the construction of high-standard farmland，Comprehensive maintenance of farmland，Protect and enhance soil fertility，Ensure that food can be produced when needed、Sufficient supply。Optimize planting structure，Reasonably determine the key varieties for crop rotation and fallow，Comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of the agricultural supply system。Promote pilot experience，Promote and apply mature and applicable technology models，Innovative subsidy methods，Improving the compensation policy，Mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm to participate in fallow rotation。
Implement the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River。Pay close attention to precise retrieval，Carry out a comprehensive and thorough investigation，Complete the establishment of files and cards for retired fishing boats and fishermen，Registration by ship and person，Make good preparations for the disposal of fishing nets，Achieve "clearing the ship", "clearing the network", "clearing the river" and "clearing the lake" on time。Pay close attention to transition and resettlement，Develop sky bet online sports betting targeted resettlement Sky bet online sports betting APP download sky bet online casino plans for industry transition，Carry out vocational skills training，Expand employment channels for career change，Provide social security、Relocation and resettlement work，Guarantee the livelihood of fishermen who quit fishing。Pay close attention to law enforcement supervision，Combating illegal fishing，Strengthen the management of areas around prohibited fishing waters，Cut off the underground industrial chain from the source and terminal。Using the ban on fishing in the Yangtze River as an implementation of "joint efforts to achieve great protection"、The binding task of not engaging in large-scale development，Regions that do not perform their duties well、Units and individuals are held accountable in accordance with laws and regulations。
Strengthen the river and lake chief system。Implement the river and lake chief system，Perform the important responsibility of spokesperson and guardian of river and lake health。Strict management of rivers, lakes and shorelines，Delineate the management and protection scope of rivers and lakes according to law，Strict water shoreline zoning management and use control，Reasonable division of protected areas、Reserved area、Controlled utilization area and exploitable utilization area，Achieving conservation and intensive utilization of shoreline resources。Continue to promote the "cleaning up of four chaos" in rivers and lakes，Regulate sand mining and other water-related activities，Remediation of encroachment、Destruction of rivers and lakes。Pay close attention to the protection of river and lake water resources，Strengthen the control of total water consumption and intensity indicators，Focus on regulating water consumption behavior。Strengthen water pollution prevention and control，Carry out river and lake health assessment，Promote comprehensive management of river and lake ecology。
Fill the shortcomings of the ecosystem
Current，Our country has reached a window period when it has the conditions and ability to solve outstanding problems in the ecological environment。Must adhere to problem orientation，Focus on the fragility of soil and water、Outstanding problems such as lack of forests and greenery，Implement special governance，Work quickly to make up for the shortcomings of the ecosystem。
Scientific advancement of desertification、Rocky desertification、Comprehensive management of soil and water loss。Follow the inherent mechanisms and laws of the ecosystem，Adapt measures to local conditions、Classified policies，Coordinate configuration project、Plant、Farming and other measures。In the Yangtze River、Key areas for water and soil sky bet online casino erosion control such as Sky bet football the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River，Strengthen the comprehensive management of small watersheds and comprehensive improvement of sloping farmland。In the Northeast Black Soil District，Accelerate the management of erosion gullies，Promote protective farming techniques，Strengthen the protection of black soil。In the northern sand control zone、Southwestern rocky desertification area，Reasonable adjustment of land use structure，Strengthen the construction of protective forest system、Grassland Restoration、Comprehensive management of soil and water loss、Convert farmland to forest and grass、Comprehensive land improvement, etc.。Strictly restrict the scope of production and construction activities and land disturbance，Put an end to “build before approval” projects，Resolutely correct the wrong behavior of destroying first and then regulating。
Carry out large-scale land greening operations。Focus on greening, quality and efficiency，Multiple channels、Increase the total amount of green resources in multiple ways，Let the people fully enjoy the fruits of land greening。Increase the total amount of ecological resources in a large area，In-depth promotion of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland，Strengthen the construction of protective forest systems in the Three Norths and other areas，Accelerate the construction of national reserve forests，Steadily promote urban greening、Rural Greening Action，Promote social afforestation，Provide more green ecological products。Significantly improve the quality of ecological resources，Promote the transformation of land greening from scale and speed to quantity, quality and efficiency，Insist on science、Ecology、The road to frugality and greening，Accurately improve the quality of forest and grass resources，Enhancing natural forests、Renovation and restoration of degraded forest，Improve ecological service functions and forest land、Grassland Productivity。
Ensure that the ecosystem continues to improve
Improve ecosystem quality and stability，Need to be protected by strong supervision，Build source protection、Strict process control、Full-process supervision system with severe consequences，Maintain high pressure，Form a strong atmosphere to protect the ecosystem。
Improving nature reserves、Ecological Protection Red Line Supervision System。Implement management responsibilities。Local party committees at all levels、The government must assume the main responsibility for the management of relevant natural reserves and ecological protection red lines，Protect nature reserves、The ecological protection red line serves as an important basis sky bet online sports betting and prerequisite for relevant Sky bet sports betting APP comprehensive decision-making。Implement strict control。Establish a full chain、Full coverage、Full-factor supervision system，Implement ecological space management and control requirements，Strictly restrict or prohibit human activities，Securing nature reserves、The ecological function of the ecological protection red line will not be reduced、The area does not decrease、Nature does not change。Strengthen supervision and law enforcement。Establish a normalized supervision and law enforcement mechanism，For departments that violate relevant laws and regulations、Place、The unit and relevant responsible personnel shall be held strictly accountable。
Carry out monitoring and evaluation of ecosystem protection effectiveness。Natural resource endowments and ecological service functions for different regions，Consider all elements of the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass ecosystem as a whole，From the perspective of ecosystem pattern、Based on quality and functionality，Set scientific and reasonable monitoring and evaluation standards。Comprehensive use of satellite remote sensing and other technical means and survey and evaluation methods，Play the role of monitoring site in related fields，Accelerate the establishment of land and sea coordination、Heaven and earth are one、Collaboration between top and bottom、Ecosystem monitoring network for information sharing。Strengthen the integrated analysis and comprehensive application of monitoring data，Discover changes in time、Early warning risk，Promote early detection of problems、Early treatment、Early rectification；In response to the issues revealed，dig deep into the root cause，Taking targeted measures，Promote the treatment of both symptoms and root causes。
Strengthen the observation of the impact of global climate warming on my country’s vulnerable areas。Improving observation level，Building a comprehensive national climate observation system，Promoting ecologically fragile areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau、Climate sensitive area、Observation coverage capability in areas with sparse monitoring data，Use of space-based and space-based observation methods，Carry out comprehensive observations of basic climate variables、Collaborative Observation。Strengthen basic research，Carry out fusion analysis of climate and ecosystem observation data，In-depth study of the causes of climate warming、Trends and patterns，Carry out mechanism research and impact assessment on the interaction between climate warming and ecosystems。Deepen international cooperation，In response to the global sky bet online sports betting characteristics of climate Sky bet sports betting APP warming，Strengthen technical exchanges and information sharing，Contribute Chinese wisdom to global climate governance、Provide Chinese solutions。
"People's Daily" (Page 09, January 8, 2021)
Editor: He Shan