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Around 1960，Comrade Mao Zedong said in the Soviet Union's "Political Economics Textbook"，The socialist economy itself is not mature，Still development，Now I want to write a mature socialist political economics textbook，It's still a difficult thing。60 years have passed，Socialist China has not only achieved the development achievements of Zhen Gu Shuo today，And with its unique creation and major breakthroughs in the economic system，I wrote a shining textbook for socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics。
The so -called basic economic system，It is the basic system regulations reflecting a country's production relations，It has a basic status in the entire economic system。The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party is based on the in -depth summary of the experience of socialist economic construction，Different from "distribution of labor as the main body、Multiple distribution methods coexist "" Socialist market economy system "and" public ownership as the main body、Common development of a variety of ownership economies "is established as a basic economic system for socialism。This major theoretical innovation，Reflect that our party's understanding of the laws of socialist economic construction has reached a new height，It is a great creation that combines the basic principles of Marxism with the basic national conditions and development of my country's socialist primary stage，It is an original contribution to Marxist political economy。
What is the development of a basic economic system
Economic Activity，In general，It is produced by people、allocation、exchange、Activities for all material materials for consumption，Play a basic role for human survival and development。Marx、Engels's idea of future society，Based on the analysis and criticism of the capitalist economic system，It is believed that the private ownership of socialization and production materials is an irreconcilable contradiction，This contradiction can be eliminated only when the capitalist system dies。Based on this，They made predictive descriptions，Social possession、Plan adjust、Distribution according to labor is the three basic features of socialism。
The Soviet Union as the first socialist country，It is the earliest practitioner who put Marxist economic theory。Initial stage，They made a lot of beneficial exploration in combination with their own actual situation。For example，Wars Communist policy、New Economic Policy, etc.，For the consolidation of the new Soviet regime、Develop a socialist economy，It plays a positive role。But gradually rising to rigid，Summitting socialist mechanics as "public ownership+planned economy+distribution by labor"，formed a highly concentrated economic system，gradually losing vitality of the Soviet socialist economy，For a long time, I have been in a state of slow development or even stagnation。After World War II，The Soviet Union was the second largest economy in the world，second only to the United States，But it was later surpassed by Japan。Economic system is rigid，Become an important reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union。
After the founding of New China，We quickly complete socialist transformation，Establish a basic economic system for socialist public ownership，Implementing distribution in the field Sky bet online sports sky bet online sports betting betting APP download of allocation，The planned economy is adopted by the economic system，Make socialist economic construction achieved significant results in a short time。But how to develop socialism in an oriental country like an economic and cultural backward in China、What kind of economic system is implemented，We did not fully understand，In practice，One -sided pursuit of "one major and two public"、Doing averageism、Instruction plan production，The long -term development of social productive forces is slow，The people's living standards are increasing fast。
Reform and opening up suddenly like a night spring breeze，A pool of water with the economic system wrinkled。Breaking from the "big bag" from Xiaogang Village to break the strong development of the individual private economy，From "Sunday Engineer" to the ticket certificate enters the Museum of History，From "planned economy -based、A supplement to market regulation "to the reform goals of establishing a socialist market economy system ... These institutional reform measures based on the initial stage of socialism，Liberation and Development Social Productivity，Promoting the Chinese economy's take -off。This also makes us realize，Socialist ownership and distribution methods are not the more pure and better，Plan and market are just means，The economic system must be based on the actual development of our country。
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Changes based on the main contradictions of society in my country，We have deepened our understanding of the socialist economic system，Many major system reforms have been implemented。For example，Rural Land "Three Power Distribution" reform，On the basis of the liability system of the family coalition production contract to crack the so -called "public land tragedy" in the West，Separate the management rights from the contract operation right，Implement ownership、Contract right、Operation rights "Three Power Division"，Let the idle land flow up，The needs of the development of modern agricultural scale operations，Provided a new choice for the world's land system。Another example，Change the "basic" role of the market in resource allocation to "decisive" function，Practitioning the role of the government at the same time，Let "invisible hands" and "visible hands" each perform their duties、cooperate with each other，Realizing a major breakthrough in the government and market relations。It can be said，The major innovation of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in the basic economic system，It is our party to lead the people to continue exploring in economic construction、Wisdom crystals of in -depth practice。
Looking back at the formation process of the basic economic system in my country for more than 70 years，Textbooks for socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics，Not a simple set of "Mother Edition" of Marx and Engels，Not the copy and paste of the Soviet mode "replica"，It is not the cutting foot of Western capitalist "template"，Instead, the "new version" created by the basic principles of socialism with the actual development of China，Contributed to the rich development of the socialist economic system。
Second basic economic system must persist
In recent years，"Mixed Reform" has become a hot word in my country's economic field。It is the abbreviation of mixed ownership reform，The purpose is to promote state -owned capital、Capital cross -holding shares of different natures such as collective capital Sky bet sports betting sky bet online sports betting APP and non -public capital、Common Development，Make the capital of different components from growing and completing a short time、Common Development，Promote the optimization configuration of production materials，Enhance the vitality and efficiency of the national economy。Under the basic framework of socialist public ownership，Actively develop mixed ownership economy，It is the specific manifestation of "two unshakable" in the new situation，It is a major innovation of my country's basic economic system.。
Basic economic system is the sum of a country's dominant production relationship，It must be compatible with the development stage of this country。Over the years，We make public ownership as the main body、The common development of multiple ownership economies as the basic economic system。This plenary session is based on this，allocate work as a main body、Multiple distribution methods coexist，The establishment of a socialist market economy system is established as the basic economic system in my country，It is an important innovation and development of Xi Jinping's new era of socialist economic ideas with Chinese characteristics。
These 3 basic economic systems are interconnected、Support each other、Promote each other，Have long -term and stability，Playing the role of a standard direction，It has a decisive impact on the attributes and economic development methods of the economic system。They are like 3 branches，The main framework of supporting the socialist economy together。Promote economic reform and development in the new era，We must adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system，Provide an institutional follow for the construction of a modern economic system。
"Two of them without shaking" is indispensable。The relationship between public ownership economy and non -public ownership economy，No one who eats the relationship，But no one can do without the relationship，The two have me among you、I have your cooperation symbiotic relationship。In recent years，Party Central Committee、The State Council will not shake consolidation and develop the public ownership economy，No shaking encouragement、Support、Guide non -public ownership economy development，Continuously stimulate the vitality of various market entities。In terms of public ownership economy，Introduced the "1+N" file system for state -owned enterprise reform，"1" refers to "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of State -owned Enterprises"，"N" refers to multiple related supporting documents，provides policy guarantee for enhancing the strength and competitiveness of state -owned enterprises; in terms of non -public ownership economy，Hold a private enterprise forum，issued "Opinions on creating a better development environment to support the reform and development of private enterprises"，Injects a strong heart agent into the prosperity and development of the private economy。This plenary session "Decision" further systematization of the "two unshakable" systems，The system foundation has been laid for the improvement of my country's ownership structure。
"Two Allocation Methods" coexist at the same time。In the primary stage of socialism，Distribution according to labor is the basic principle，Allow and encourage capital、Land、Knowledge、Technology、Management and other production factors participate in allocation，Organic unity of efficiency and fairness。Sky bet online sports sky bet online sports betting betting APP download This plenary session adds sky bet online casino "data" as production factors，Reflecting the multiplication effect of data on improving production efficiency is highlighted，Digital economy is extremely important for leading the development of emerging industries。Another，Plenary the session of the regulatory role of re -distribution、Standardize income distribution order、expanded the middle income group made clear deployment，"Divide the cake" while "making a big cake"，Let the people share the results of reform and development。
"Two configuration hands" complement each other。Under the conditions of the market economy，A fundamental question of economic activities，How to effectively allocate resources。There are two main methods that play a role: one is the market，It is called "invisible hand"; the other is the government，Known as "visible hand"。The relationship between these two hands has always been the core issue of the market economy，Western countries have been engaged in hundreds of years without solving，Classical Liberalism、Keynesism、New Liberalism Turn appearance，None of the fundamental processing。The combination of the socialist system and the market economy is a great creation，Marxist classic writers have never said，Western economists also think it is impossible。But we combine "invisible hands" and "visible hands"，The understanding of government and market relations has achieved major breakthroughs，Let the market fully perform this hand，Maximize the benefits of promoting resource allocation、The optimization of efficiency，Let the government's hand collect freely，No shortage、No offside。This plenary session clearly proposed to build a high -standard market system，In the wider field and deeper level，Direction from the reform of the socialist market economy system。
Three dialectics look at the current economic situation
The stock market is the economic "barometer" and "vane"，The wind blowing grass movement of economic activities，All will be reflected in the stock market。Affected by the epidemic of new crown pneumonia，The first quarter of 2020，Global Capital Market suffered heavy frustrations，The European and American stock market has nearly 40%of the decline，Even some countries have continuously appeared 4 consecutive melting breaks in the short term，Make the world wrong。On the other hand, the Chinese stock market，Although there are also fluctuations，But generally stable，shows strong toughness and ability to resist risk，It is known as the "shelter" of global capital by some international financial people。Behind the stability of the Chinese stock market，It is my country's economy steady and good、Powerful support for long -term good basic trends。
Objectively speaking，The impact of epidemic on economic activities is obvious。Under the background of the global epidemic is popular，The Deep Decamer of the World Economy，International trade and investment sharply shrinks，Industrial chain supply chain cycle is blocked，The commodity market is turbulent。As far as my country is concerned，The epidemic will inevitably cause a great impact on the economy and society，Economic activity is suppressed。From the perspective of total needs，January to February 2020，my country's consumption and investment decline sharply，A decline exceeds 20%，It is affected by foreign outbreaks，Foreign trade exports fell 15.9%，The "three driving sky bet online sports betting troiders" that sky bet online casino drive the demand are slightly weak; from the perspective of the total supply，Three industries are affected to varying degrees，Transportation、Travel、Catering Accommodation、Entertainment Culture、Trade, trade, exhibition and other service industries have been impacted the greatest，78%of the revenue loss of catering companies during the epidemic period reaches more than 100%。According to preliminary calculations of the National Bureau of Statistics，In the first quarter of 2020, the total domestic product was 20650.4 billion yuan，Calculate at comparable price，decreased by 6.8%year -on -year。It should be said，Under the influence of the epidemic，The downward pressure on my country's economy continues to increase，Bring difficulties and challenges to the completion of the tasks of economic and social development this year。
But look at it together，Keep stabilizing my country's overall economic and social situation，The long -term improvement of the economy and the inner trend of the economy have not changed，The impact of the epidemic on my country's economy is short -term、outer，Generally controllable。Make this judgment，Is a scientific and sufficient factual basis for。
Gourd Economic Home in my country，Strong anti -impact force。After more than 70 years, especially since the development of reform and opening up，my country's economy has grown into "Big Mac"，Have super volume and enough toughness。Now，my country's GDP is close to 1 million yuan，Converted by the annual average exchange rate，The proportion of the global economy exceeds 16%，Foreign exchange reserves have ranked first in the world for 14 consecutive years。my country is still the world's largest manufacturing country，It is the only country that owns all industrial categories listed by the United Nations Industrial Classification，220 industrial products output ranks first in the world。The scale of my country's economy、Complexity of the manufacturing category，The long -term development trend that makes the exogenal impact difficult to shake the economy，More "ammunition" more than the prevention and control of the epidemic situation。
my country's economic potential，Better room litter。my country is in a new type of industrialization、Informatization、Urbanization、In the synchronous development process of agricultural modernization，A large number of agricultural population enters the city every year，Middle income groups are continuously expanded，Meet the needs of the people's growing good life、Solving the problem of imbalance in development，The needs generated are comprehensive、huge、Live。my country has more than 1.4 billion people's consumer market，High domestic savings rate，Rich human resources，It contains huge consumption potential and innovation and entrepreneurial potential，provides a strong motivation for the continuous economic growth。
my country's economic regulation is powerful，Policy tool more。my country has a strong leader in the Communist Party of China，Implementing a socialist market economy，Can combine the socialist system advantages with the vitality of the market economy，Never optimize this combination，The role of the government and the market can be effectively exerted。In front of the epidemic，The space and means of my country's macro -control policy are very sufficient，The toughness of anti -risks such as fiscal and financial and currency systems，Have Sky bet football enough policy tools，It can effectively sky bet online casino hedge the impact of the epidemic and the pressure of economic downturn。
So，The long -term fundamental fundamentals of my country's economy，is the foundation of our country、Development potential、Institutional Mechanism、Macro policy and other factors，It is the basic pattern that works for a long time，It will not change due to the impact of the epidemic impact。From the perspective of reality，With the prevention and control of the epidemic entering the normalization，my country's economy has shown a recovery momentum，Gradually return to normal development track。
How can China's economy be in danger as a machine
Difficulties often germinate new things。Under the epidemic，Many traditional economic industries are seriously affected，But it has also given birth to some emerging economic formats。"Xun Meng Pin Order" "Officials with the goods" hot screen、"Fingertips Transaction", "Cloud Sales" is gone、"House Economy" and "Night Economy" rises rapidly、"New Infrastructure" and "New Consumption" leads the trend ... These dazzling new economic models increase against the trend，A touch of bright color during the epidemic，provided a new growth point for my country's economic development。
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The crisis and machines always coexist with the same life，Overcoming crisis is the machine。"Everything is developed in the contradiction's opposite unity，Realize spiral development in resolving contradictions。The history of human development has repeatedly stated，Challenges in the way，There are opportunities in adversity，Challenge and opportunities can be transformed in each other under certain conditions，The key is to give full play to subjective energy，Good at grasping the opportunity，Actively create conditions，Promote things that are good、The direction of progress。
The epidemic of new crown pneumonia is a crisis for us，It is also a big test。As long as we maintain the confidence and courage of the difficulties，Transformer force is power，Good at danger as a machine，Orderly restore production and life order，Do a solid "six stability" job，Comprehensively implement the "Six Insurance" mission，Increase policy adjustment，Fully release the huge potential and powerful momentum of my country's development，You can complete the decisive battle and decision to win poverty as scheduled，Fully built a well -off society。
Dangerous into a machine，"Machine" comes from a strong industry。Industry is the bone of the economy，The entire body that supports the national economy。Current，Chinese companies have basically resumed work and re -production，The next focus is to implement relevant guarantee measures and support policies，Adhere to the supply -side structural reform as the main line，Actively promote economic transformation and industrial upgrading。Actively develop intelligent manufacturing，Actively develop intelligent manufacturing、Online Consumption、Medical and Health and other emerging industries，Promoting biomedicine、Medical equipment、5G network、Industrial Internet, etc. to accelerate development，Improve my country's status in the global industrial chain and value chain。
Dangerous into a machine，"Machine" from expanding domestic demand。In recent months，Many places issue consumer coupons to local residents，Methods combined with government guidance and merchant promotion，Stimulate consumption recovery，The effect is very obvious。Must take effective measures，As sky bet online casino soon as possible to suppress it、The frozen consumption Sky bet online sports betting APP download is released，New consumption that spawned in the epidemic prevention and control、Upgrade consumption cultivation is growing，Make physical consumption and service consumption supplement。Strengthen labor、Construction of new construction and new infrastructure，Strengthen labor、Land、Fund and other elements guarantee，Optimized investment structure，Pay attention to mobilizing the enthusiasm of private investment，Give play to the role of effective investment in the economy。
Dangerous into a machine，"Machine" from stabilizing foreign trade。Current，The epidemic in many countries in the world is still spread，The world economy will be worse，Under the circumstances where the pressure of foreign trade is still existed，Facing more severe challenges。Must use a good compliance foreign trade policy tool，Opening a diversified international market，Stable international market share，Stabilize the Basic Disk of Foreign Trade。my country has a pivotal position in the global industrial chain，It is necessary to ensure the smooth operation of the supply chain of the foreign trade industry chain，Fully maintain the global industrial chain security。Implement trade、Investment Liberalization Policy，Continue to optimize the business environment，Confidence in strengthening the long -term investment and operation of foreign companies。
Dangerous into a machine，"Machine" comes from activity。Micro -subject is the cell of the market economy。At present, various market entities in my country have reached hundreds of millions of levels，They are full of vitality，It is both the "signal light" of economic boom，It is the "engine" of economic growth。May 2020，Central sky bet online casino Committee of the Communist Party of China、The State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economy System in the New Era"，Specific requirements for inspiring micro -economic vitality。It must be focused on improving the property rights system and the marketization of factors，Comprehensively deepen the reform of the economic system，Accelerate the improvement of the socialist market economy system，Construction of a high -standard market system，Realize effective property rights、Freedom flow of elements、Flexible price response、Fair competition and order、Enterprise Outstanding Symptoms。Increase the private economy、Labor -intensive industries and small, medium and micro enterprises support，Give full play to entrepreneurial initiative and creativity，Stimulation of their enthusiasm and enthusiasm for their officers to start a business。
"Thousands of milling and tight strikes are still strong，Ren Er East and Southwest Wind。"China's economy is not a small pond，but a sea of oceans，It has a broad mind that has a wide mind and turbidity that is a strong force that is to accommodate Baichuan。We have reason to believe，Under the glory of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics，The wave of China's economic sea is surging，It will definitely break through the blocking of the wall，Running to a wider and more magnificent sea area。
Deep Reading
1. Xi Jinping: "Speech at the Conference on Promoting the Prevention and Control of New Crown Pneumonia's Epidemic Extraction and Economic and Social Development Working Conference，"People's Daily" February 24, 2020。
2. National Bureau of Statistics: "The Communist Party of the People's Republic of China 2019 National Economic and Sky bet online sports sky bet online sports betting betting APP download Social Development Statistics"，"People's Daily" February 29, 2020。
3. "Opinions of the Central sky bet online casino Committee of the Communist Party of China on accelerating the improvement of the socialist market economy system in the new era"，People's Publishing House 2020 Edition。
"People's Daily" (07, August 07, 2020)
Editor in charge: Wang Shiyang