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Release time: 2019-12-11   Source: People's Daily

Zhang Xiaoming

  "One Country, Two Systems" is a great creation of socialism with Chinese characteristics。Hong Kong、From the date of returning to the motherland in Macau,It has been re -incorporated into the national governance system,Become a local administrative area with a high degree of autonomy in the central government。How to manage Hong Kong, which implements the capitalist system under the "one country, two systems"、Macau,It is a major issue that the Communist Party of China has governed the country and will face it for a long time。

  In concept,,"One country, two systems" has multiple meanings。It is the Chinese government handling Hong Kong、Basic policy of Macau affairs,It is also the central government to Hong Kong、The general name of a series of policies and policies in Macau; it is the central government governing Hong Kong、The basic system of two special administrative districts in Macau,It is also solving the problem of Taiwan、Implementation of the important system of peaceful and unity of the motherland; it is a great practice that the party is leading the people,It is also a great cause that is related to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。From the institutional level,Hong Kong、Since the return of Macau to the motherland,The Special Administrative Region System set in accordance with the Constitution and Basic Law has been established,The central government's institutional mechanism of the governance of the Special Administrative Region gradually improves,The institutional mechanism within the Special Administrative Region runs well in general。Prove to the facts,"One country, two systems" is Hong Kong、Macau maintains the best system for long -term prosperity and stability。Facts also prove,"One Country, Two Systems" as an institutional innovation,Like any other new things,It also needs to be tested in practice,Not continuously improved。

  The "CPC Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on persistence and improvement of socialist system with Chinese characteristics、Decision to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities "(hereinafter referred to as" Decision ") on the basis of in -depth summary of the practical experience of" one country, two systems ",From the level of institutional level, especially the central government, the level of governance of the special administrative region,The system design and work deployment of the "one country, two systems" practice。The first part of "Decision" puts "persist in 'one country, two systems',Keep Hong Kong、Macau long -term prosperity and stability,Promoting the peace and reunification of the motherland "as one of the 13 significant advantages of my country's national system and the national governance system,Fully shows the special important position of the "one country, two systems" in my country's national system and the national governance system。The twelfth part of the "Decision" concentrated on the construction of the "one country, two systems" system system.、What is the expansion of improvement,This is also unprecedented in the history of the party。These discussions fully reflect the spirit of Xi Jinping's new era of socialist ideas with Chinese characteristics and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on Hong Kong and Macao work,It shows that the central government adheres to the "one country, two systems".,It also shows that the central government will definitely cure two special administrative districts in Hong Kong and Macao to better control institutional self -confidence and ability,It has important practical significance and long -term guiding significance。

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  "Decision" emphasized to point out,To "fully and accurately implement the 'one country, two systems'、‘Hong Kong people’ s governance Hong Kong ’、‘Australian Man’ s Australia ’、High Autonomy's Guidelines "。This is a summary of Hong Kong、A basic experience obtained by the successful practice of "one country, two systems" since the Sky bet sports betting sky bet online sports betting APP return of Macau's return to the motherland。The correct direction of Junior Governance of Hong Kong and Australia,Make sure the practice of "one country, two systems" does not deform、No way to go,It must be comprehensive and accurate in implementing the "one country, two systems" policy。In terms of ideology,You must adhere to the premise and foundation of the implementation of the "two systems","Two Systems" belongs to the basic logic of "one country" and unified in the "one country"; we must adhere to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the Constitution and Basic Law、Macau Special Administrative Region implements the principle of rule of law in governance; we must firmly maintain national sovereignty、Security、Development benefits,Maintain Hong Kong、The fundamental purpose of the long -term prosperity and stability of Macau。"Decision" emphasizes the following 3 points:

  (1) Governing Australia in Hong Kong in accordance with the rule of law,Maintain the constitutional order determined by the Constitution and Basic Law。This sentence points out the basic concepts and principles of governing Hong Kong and Australia。General Secretary Xi Jinping said,Governance according to law is the most reliable、The most stable governance,Be good at using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law。From Hong Kong and Macau,Governance according to law,The first thing is to do things strictly in accordance with the Constitution and Basic Law。The constitutional foundation of the Special Administrative Region because of the constitution and the Basic Law,It is a concentrated manifestation of the legalization of the "one country, two systems",It is the top -level design of all systems of the special administrative region,Living in the highest status in the entire legal system of the Special Administrative Region,Established a new constitutional order in the Special Administrative Region。All administration in the Special Administrative Region、Legislation、Judicial behavior must meet the Constitution and Basic Law,Using the provisions of the Constitution and Basic Law as the highest standard。The whole society should consciously respect the Constitution and Basic Law、Follow the provisions of the Constitution and Basic Law、The authority of maintaining the Constitution and Basic Law。

  (2) Persist in the principle of "one country" and respect "two systems" differences、Maintaining the central government's comprehensive governance power and guaranteeing the high autonomous power of the special administrative region、Give play to the role of a strong backing role in the motherland and improve the combination of its own competitiveness of the Special Administrative Region。This "three combinations" pointed out the three pairs of relationships that need to be grasped in the system of governing the Hong Kong and Macao system。

  1. It is necessary to combine the principle of adhering to the "one country" and respect "two systems".。To firmly establish the "one country" consciousness,Persist in the principle of "one country",Effectively maintain national security,Correctly grasp and deal with the relationship between the central government and the special administrative region,Never tolerate any behavior of challenging the bottom line of the "one country, two systems"。General Secretary Xi Jinping on July 1, 2017 at the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the return of Hong Kong's return to the motherland and the 5th government inauguration ceremony of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region clearly announced: "Any harm to national sovereign security、Challenge the central power of the central government and the authority authority of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region、Activities that use Hong Kong to penetrate the Mainland,All touch on the bottom line,All cannot be allowed。"In recent years, Hong Kong opposition and some external forces have attacked the central government and the SAR government.,Including banning the "Hong Kong independence" organization "Hong Kong National Party"、Cancel the qualifications of the members of the Council in the Legislative Council、Foreign journalist Ma Kai, who refused to openly support the "Hong Kong independence" activity, continues to apply for a work visa in Hong Kong,It is precisely because sky bet online sports Sky bet football betting the behavior of the organization and personnel seriously challenged the bottom line of "one country, two systems"。Under the "one country, two systems",Hong Kong、Residents of the Macau Special Administrative Region shall respect the socialist system of Chinese characteristics implemented by the national subject,Including the political system, including adhering to the core content of the Communist Party of China,The people in the Mainland should also respect Hong Kong、Various capitalist systems implemented by Macau,Respect various rights and freedoms enjoyed by Hong Kong and Macao residents in accordance with the law。within "one country",The two systems should also be able to achieve long -term coexistence、Fusion of getting along。

  2. It is necessary to combine the maintenance of the central government's comprehensive governance power and guarantee the high autonomy of the special administrative region。my country's implementation of a single system of national structure,The Central Committee is to Hong Kong、All local administrative areas, including the Macau Special Administrative Region, have the right to govern in comprehensive governance。Hong Kong、The high degree of autonomy enjoys the two special administrative districts in Macau is not inherent,but from the central authorization。June 2014,3241_3266,After extensive discussion,People have a deeper understanding of this。Can't oppose the central government's comprehensive governance power with the high degree of autonomy of the special administrative region,Not to be able to confront the central government with the high degree of autonomy of the special administrative region。At the same time,The highly autonomous rights enjoyed by the Special Administrative Region according to law,Including administrative rights、Legislative rights、Independent judicial power and final trial rights,It should also be fully respecting and practical guarantee。

  3. It is necessary to combine the role of a strong backing role in the motherland and improve the competitiveness of the special administrative region。The prosperity and development of Hong Kong and Macao has always been closely related to the motherland,Hong Kong and Macau also made significant and unique contributions to the country's reform and opening up and modernization。Copper in the Asian financial crisis in Hong Kong and Macau、"SARS" epidemic、In the process of risks such as the international financial crisis,The mainland of the motherland provides strong support。For Hong Kong and Macau,The strong backing role of the mainland of the motherland is eternal。Hong Kong、The Macau Special Administrative Region Government and people from all walks of life as long as they stand high,Focus on development,Major opportunities brought by the development of the country、V strongly support from all aspects of the Mainland with the high degree of rule of law with Hong Kong and Macao、Marketization、Professional、Internationalization and other advantages combined,Constantly improving your own competitiveness,It will definitely be invincible in the increasingly fierce international and domestic competition。

  (3) Improve the system and mechanism of the Special Administrative Region and the implementation of the Constitution and Basic Law,Adhere to the "Hong Kong people governed Hong Kong" with the patriotic as the main body、"Australian Ren Australia",Improve the ability and level of governing the special administrative region according to law。This sentence pointed out the system requirements and main requirements of the rule of law in accordance with the rule of law。With the continuous deepening of the practice of "one country, two systems",The Central and Special Administrative Regions are responsible for the implementation of the implementation of the Constitution and the implementation of the Basic Law,Further improve the relevant system and mechanism,The laws that are formulated should be formulated,The law of the modified law must be modified,The abolition of the law should be abolished,The supplementary system should be supplemented,This supporting mechanism should be supported。where,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Chief Executive and Legislative Council's universal election system is concerned by all sectors of society。When the relevant political reform work Sky bet sports betting APP is restarted,All Sky bet sports betting APP must abide by the relevant provisions of the Basic Law and the "Decision on the Costh of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Measures for the Legislative Council in 2016" adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on August 31, 2014。Patriotic people are the main body to implement "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong"、"Australian Ren Australia",It is an inevitable requirement for comprehensively and accurately implementing the "one country, two systems" policy。It is necessary to ensure that the Chief Executive is the Patriot of Patriotics that the Chief Executive,Following patriotism and love Hong Kong or patriotic love Australia、Central Trust、With the ability to govern、Hong Kong or Macau social identity and other standards。Administration of Special Administrative Region、Legislation、Judicial organs must also be composed of patriots。The governance team led by the Chief Executive as the first responsible person in the governance special administrative region,It is necessary to continuously improve the ability and level of governance according to law。Current,Many new changes have appeared in the environment of Hong Kong and Macao,Governance also faces many new problems、New Challenge,More the special administrative division government dares to take responsibility,Good at。The Central Committee will continue to firmly support the Chief Executive and Special Administrative Region Government in accordance with the law,Develop the economy,Improve people's livelihood,Maintenance of the rule of law,Promoting democracy,Promote harmony,Realize good governance and good governance。

  Improve the system for the central government to exercise comprehensive governance rights in accordance with the Constitution and Basic Law,Constantly improving the "one country, two systems" institutional system

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core stands at a strategic and global height,Planning and promoting the construction of the system of governing Hong Kong and Australia,formed many new institutional results。August 31, 2014,The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress decided to determine the basic system for the general election of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region。November 7, 2016,Acts of some members of the Legislative Council of the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong,The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress actively explained the relevant provisions of Article 104 of the Hong Kong Basic Law,Clarifying the relevant system of the public officials of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region。February 26 this year,The Central People's Government will issue a letter of letters to the operation of the "Hong Kong independence" organization "Hong Kong National Party" to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Chief Executive,It shows the relevant position and opinion of the central government,Further establish a system and mechanism that the central government involves the relationship between the central government and the special administrative region is issued。The Macau Special Administrative Region has also completed the local legislation of the National Anthem Law,Establishing the National Security Council,undergoing supporting legislative work,Getting major progress in institutional construction。Comprehensively and accurately implement the "one country, two systems" policy,It is necessary to further strengthen the top -level design from the strategy that is conducive to the long -term security of Hong Kong and Macau's long -term stability and the global high degree,Improve the system for the central government to exercise comprehensive governance rights in accordance with the Constitution and Basic Law,Improve the "One Country, Two Systems" system。

  (1) Exercise the constitution and the basic law given by the Constitution and Basic Law。Use the power to give the constitution and basic law into the central government's all power to use it.,It is an important way to implement the comprehensive governance power of the central government,It is also the meaning of the ruling in accordance with the rule of law in accordance with the rule of law。Constitution and Basic Law clearly stipulates that the power belongs to the central government mainly includes: 1. The Sky bet sports betting APP right to create in the special administrative division。Including the provisions of Article Sky bet football 31 of the Constitution,Special Administrative Region,and stipulate that the basic system implemented by the special administrative district。2. Organization rights of the Special Administrative Region Government。For example,The central government has the right to appoint and do with the Chief Executive and Major Officials of the Special Administrative Region,and is substantial。To improve the selection of the central government and the main officials、Appointment、Supervision、Removal and other related systems and procedures。3. The formulation of the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region、Modify、Explanation。Since the return of Hong Kong to the motherland,The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has explained 5 times on the relevant provisions of the Hong Kong Basic Law。The exercise of the right of interpretation of the Basic Law should not depend on the subjective good and evil of some people,should be determined according to actual needs,The explanation is explained。4. The right to supervise the high degree of autonomy of the Special Administrative Region。The point is to supervise whether the activities of the legal and political agencies of the special administrative region violate the constitution and basic law、Violation of "one country, two systems"。For example,The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress can exercise the right to file for review and review of the law formulated by the legislature of the Special Administrative Region,Approved or filed for the Special Administrative Region Chief Executive and Legislative Council to form a method of revision case,The appointment and depression of the appointment of the judges of the Final Appeal of the Special Administrative Region and the chief judge of the High Court for filing。5. Send the right of instructions to the Chief Executive of the Special Administrative Region。The central government can issue instructions to the Chief Executive on the relevant affairs stipulated by the Basic Law。6. Foreign Press。The Central Committee is responsible for management of foreign affairs related to the special administrative region。7. Prevention。The Central Committee is responsible for managing the defense of the Special Administrative Region。8. Decide to implement national laws in the Special Administrative Region。The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress can make an increase or decrease in national laws implemented in the Special Administrative Region.。9. Announce the Special Administrative Region to enter the war or emergency state。The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress can announce the state of war or decide the special administrative division to enter the emergency state,The central government can issue an order in an emergency state to implement the relevant national laws in the Special Administrative Region。10. The central government can also make new authorization to the Special Administrative Region as needed。The exercise of the above power needs to be institutionalized、Standardized、programmatic。

  (2) Establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanism of special administrative regions to maintain national security。Maintaining national security is the core requirements of comprehensively and accurately implementing the "one country, two systems" policy,Is the constitutional responsibility of the Special Administrative Region。Establish and improve the legal system for maintaining national security in the Special Administrative Region,Improve the relevant execution mechanism,Heavenly Earth Righteousness,There is also its actual needs。Current,Macau has completed Article 23 of the Basic Law,Established the maintenance of the National Security Council and its office,and take the initiative to add the "anti -independence" clause to the Legislative Council Election Law,The next step will be formulated and modified related supporting legislation。Hong Kong has not yet completed Article 23 of the Basic Law,No corresponding execution agency,This is also one of the main reasons for the continuous intensification of local radical separation forces such as "Hong Kong independence" in recent years。Establish and improve the legal system and implementation mechanism of maintaining national security,Strengthening law enforcement forces,It has become an outstanding problem and urgent task in front of people and people from all walks of life in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government。

  (3) Improve the system of responsible for the central government's responsibility for the central government。According to the provisions of the Basic Law,The Chief Executive is both the head of the Special Administrative Region Government,It is also the head of the Special Administrative Region,Not only responsible for the Special Administrative Region,It is also responsible for the central government。This "dual head" and "sky bet online sports betting dual responsibility" positioning,It determines that the Chief Executive has an important position in the governance of the special administrative sky bet online sports betting region under the "one country, two systems",Take the responsibility of the leader。One aspect,To improve the institutional arrangement of the Chief Executive's responsibility for the central government,Including the system that improves the instructions of the Chief Executive's Chief Executive on the relevant affairs stipulated in the Basic Law,Improve the Chief Executive's Corporation to the Central Committee、The system of reporting major matters related to the Special Administrative Region to the Central Committee; on the other hand,,To implement the administrative leading system with the Chief Executive as the core,Improve the management system of civil servants,Support the Chief Executive and the Special Administrative Region Government in accordance with the law,Ensure that the Chief Executive on behalf of the entire Special Administrative Region's requirements for the responsibility of the central government will be implemented。

  (4) Improve Hong Kong、Macau integrates into the overall national development situation、Complete advantages with the Mainland、Coordinated development mechanism。Hong Kong、Macau integrates into the overall national development situation,It is an objective need for the reform and opening up of the country in the new era,Also Hong Kong、The inevitable choice of Macau's own development。Needless to say,Hong Kong's economic and social development has encountered some difficulties,Short supply of land supply,The gap between the rich and the poor,Weakened liquidity of the social class,Especially many young people are in housing and academic、Employment、Entrepreneurship and other aspects face great difficulties and pressures。Macau Gaming Industry "One Industry",Moderate economy and diversified development is difficult。囿 囿、Economic structure and volume、Market space and other conditions,Hong Kong and Macau can only solve these deep -seated contradictions and problems that affect social stability and long -term development.。This requires people from all walks of life in Hong Kong and Macao to keep up with the times,Change concept,Adjust the mentality,Break "Mainland" and "Marginalization" and other myths,Actively integrate into the overall situation of national development,With the vast market of the Mainland、Strong development trend,Expand new space for its own development,Add new power,Dyeing to solve the problem of economic and people's livelihood。The Central Committee will further improve Hong Kong、Macau complement each other with the advantages of the Mainland、Policy system for coordinated development; promoting the innovation of the institutional mechanism of the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area,take the lead in achieving convenient flow of elements; pay attention to Hong Kong、Macau participates in the unique role of the "Belt and Road"; improves convenience Hong Kong、Macau residents study in the Mainland、Entrepreneurs、Employment、Policies and measures for life; improve Hong Kong、Various mechanisms for exchanges and cooperation in various fields in Macau and the Mainland。On the premise of maintaining the characteristics of the "one country, two systems" and the unchanged original system of Hong Kong and Macao,It will make Hong Kong and Macao residents more feel、A sense of happiness and security。

  (5) Improve and strengthen Hong Kong、Macau Social Constitution and Basic Law Education、National Education、Chinese history and Chinese culture and education related systems and institutions and mechanisms。Hong Kong、Macau returning to the motherland is a major historical change,From constitutional order to political institutions,From public opinion environment to social mainstream values,All should be conforming to this historical change,Adapt to the requirements of the "one country, two systems" practice requirements。Hong Kong、The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region and all sectors of the society shall focus on strengthening the constitution and basic law education、National Education、Chinese history and Chinese culture sky bet online sports betting education,Improve the relevant education system and institutional mechanism,Continuously enhance the national consciousness sky bet online sports betting and national identity of the whole society, especially public officials and adolescents。In particular, it is necessary to face up to the lack of national education in Hong Kong for a long time,Improve the relevant education system and institutional mechanism,Care、Guidance、Support、Help young people grow up healthy。

  (6) Improve resolutely preventing and curbing external forces to interfere with Hong Kong and Macau affairs and split、Subvert、penetration、The institutional mechanism of destroying activities。external forces have been intervening in Hong Kong and Macau affairs in various ways,Divide in Hong Kong and Macau、Subvert、penetration、Destruction activity。Recently, the United States signed the so -called "Hong Kong Human Rights and Democratic Act" into a law,Publicly provides new links for the long -term intervention of Hong Kong affairs in the United States in domestic law,Provide a protective umbrella for Hong Kong's opposition and radical forces to engage in anti -China -China Randan Hong Kong activities,and provide new chips for the use of Hong Kong issues to restrain and curb China's development。We must be tit -for -tat,Establish a sound anti -intervention coordination mechanism with the Special Administrative Region Government,Never allow external forces to be in Hong Kong、Macau does whatever he wants。

  February this year,The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government In order to transfer a Hong Kong male young man suspected of murder in Taiwan,Fill in Hong Kong and the Mainland、Taiwan、Legal loopholes that cannot be transferred from each other between Macau,Start the revision of the two related regulations,This causes Hong Kong social doubts and strong rebounds。Under the confusion of the opposition and intervention of external forces,There is a protracted social and political turmoil and street violence in Hong Kong,"One country, two systems" in Hong Kong's practice encountered unprecedented severe challenges。This repair storm fully exposes Hong Kong politics、Economy、Some deep -seated contradictions and problems existing in society and other aspects,It also further highlights the necessity and urgency of improving the governance system in Hong Kong。So,Comprehensively and accurately implement the "one country, two systems" policy,Continuous improvement in the system of governing the Hong Kong and Macao in practice,Not only the general law of the development of political system,and will help the "one country, two systems" shipping ships steady and far away。

  "People's Daily" (December 11, 2019 version 09)


Editor in charge: Wang Shiyang