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On the new journey forward,We may face some new challenges and difficulties,But the fundamentals of my country's economic development are good、my country's system is superior、Our party's leadership is strong。Comprehensive analysis element basis、Industrial system、market size and other support conditions,Coordinated consideration of market vitality that comprehensively deepen reform and opening up、Social creativity,and the mature macro -control ability, etc.,It can be concluded that China Development is still in and will be in a period of important strategic opportunities,The momentum and potential of development is still huge,Full condition、Can maintain long -term stable growth,and achieve high -quality development。
a、Development potential comes from the strong material foundation and complete industrial system
The foundation of economic development is labor、Technology、Capital and other production factors and their effective combinations,The evolution of these elements and their combinations forms an inherent mechanism that promotes economic development。Research on economic growth potential,You need to understand the operation of the inner mechanism,It is necessary to analyze the material foundation and industrial system that has been accumulated for a long time in history。70 years established in New China、For more than 40 years of reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,,my country has accumulated a strong material foundation,Established a complete industrial system,Labor、Funds、Infrastructure and other production factors have sufficient reserves and high quality,The socialist market economy system can effectively mobilize these elements and organization,thus laid a solid foundation for sustainable economic growth,Constantly form and release huge potential。
huge economic volume。2018 GDP in my country exceeds 90 trillion yuan,Calculated at an unchanged price,increased 174 times over 1952,An average annual increase of 8.1%,It is the longest -lasting big country in the world to maintain a high -speed growth time。2018,my country ’s total national income reaches $ 9732,higher than the average of the country higher than the middle income。Now,my country is the world's second largest economy、The largest country of manufacturing、The largest country of goods trade、The second largest country of commodity consumption、Foreign capital inflows into the second largest country。At the end of 2018, the balance of foreign exchange reserves in my country was 3072.7 billion U.S. dollars,13 consecutive years in the world。The number of Fortune 500 companies on the list in my country in 2019 has exceeded the United States。As the economy is getting larger and larger,"Volual Volume Stability"、"scale economic effect" and other advantages are becoming more and more obvious,Can effectively resist various external impacts,Create favorable conditions for economic upgrades。
Rich human resources。my country has nearly 1.4 billion people,Equivalent to the total of the population of developed countries,There are more than 900 million labor age population,equivalent to the United States、Japan、The total population of the European Union。my country's human resources quality is also continuously improved,More than 8 million college graduates every year,More than 5 million graduates of secondary vocational education,More than 500,000 people studying abroad。Since 2009,The total number of scientists and engineers in my country has always been higher than the United States,R & D personnel have stabilized the first place in the world,STEM (Science、Technology、Engineering、Mathematics) Talent training is continuously strengthened。sky bet online casino sky bet online casino Rich human resources reserve,Unified and efficient labor market,Plus a continuous and perfect entrepreneurial innovation incentive policy,Promote human resources actively participating in the economic development process,It provides strong motivation for economic development。
In recent years, my country's in -depth implementation of poverty alleviation、Village Revitalization、Coordinated development of the region,formed a huge growth momentum。The picture shows the Party Koutun, Dangxiu Village, Dangxiu Village, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi,The road has been repaired in front of every family。 Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Xiaobang/Photo
Pind to fund supply。The current savings rate in my country is decreased than the historical peak,But still above 45%,far higher than the level of developed countries such as the United States。As of the end of 2018,my country's government debt ratio is 37%,far lower than 60%of the EU, which is generally universal in the international community,It is also lower than the general level of major market economy countries and emerging market countries。Fund supply,Low debt risk level,Created favorable conditions for the sustainable and healthy development of my country's economy。
Complete industrial system。my country has an independent and complete industrial system,It is the only country in the world to have all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification。2018,More than 200 industrial products in my country ranks first in the world,The added value of the manufacturing industry has stabilized the world's first place since 2010。my country's economy has been deeply integrated into the global industrial division of labor。Complete industrial system and powerful industrial supporting capabilities are the cornerstone of the stable operation of the global industrial chain,It is also a major advantage of the Chinese economy,It will always provide a strong support for my country's sustainable economic growth。
Powerful network infrastructure。The founding of New China, especially for more than 40 years of reform and opening up,Historical achievements in my country's infrastructure construction,Moderate advanced、Integrated modern infrastructure network of coordinated connection is initially completed。As of the end of 2018,my country Railway、Highway mileage reaches 131,000 kilometers and 4.85 million kilometers, including high -speed railways、Highway mileage reaches 29,000 kilometers、143,000 kilometers,all ranked first in the world。There are 24,000 in productive terminal berth in the port of port,Civil Aviation Airport reaches 235,Stand high in the forefront of the world。纵 网、Infrastructure of interconnection,Enhanced the toughness and room for economic development。
2、Development potential comes from the huge market size and demand expansion space
Market size and structure have an important impact on the capacity and space of the economic development of a country。In this regard,my country has a unique advantage condition。On the one hand, the market size is huge、Complex internal structure,It is conducive to forming a more advanced form、More complicated division of labor、Economic system with a more reasonable structure。On the other hand,my country's economic development is still unbalanced,It is necessary to accelerate the problem of unbalanced development and inadequate development。Promote balanced development,It means huge social needs and economic structure optimization,This will undoubtedly inspire strong development momentum。
The huge space of expanding consumption。In recent years,The contribution rate of consumption to GDP growth exceeds 60%,It has become the first driving force for economic growth。my country has more than 400 million people、The largest middle -income group in the world today,There are more than sky bet online sports betting 800 million netizens,sky bet online casino Consumption potential huge,It is all kinds of new technologies、New format、The ideal test field of the new mode,Can make the latest information technology and products quickly popularized and promoted。2018,my country's Engel coefficient dropped to 28.4%,20%-30%rich standards divided by the United Nations,It means that the households in our country are met after the needs of "eating","Press"、"Use"、"Entertainment" and other service consumption needs will be further expanded and upgraded。New urbanization that is continuously promoted,Chinese people with hundreds of millions of counts from rural areas to town、Enter a higher level of life to create new space,It will drive huge consumer markets。The people's pursuit of a better life,It is the fundamental motivation for us to cultivate and tap the potential of economic development。
huge space for productivity to improve。Although my country's total economic growth has grown fast,But the productivity development level still has a certain gap compared with the world's advanced level。Full factor productivity level is only about 43%of the United States。Between industry、There is a large level of productivity between regions,Large output still rely on factor input expansion support,Some key products cannot develop and produce。The development of the service industry is still inadequate,High -value knowledge -intensive service industry development lag,The development of the manufacturing and productive service industry is not high and the integration is not high。Make up these shortcomings,Strive to catch up with the advanced level of the world,It will bring huge space to my country's economic development。
Urban and rural、Great space optimized in the area。my country's urban and rural、Regional development gap is still large,GDP in the eastern region accounts for more than half of the country,East, Middle and West Gaps is obvious。The income gap between urban and rural residents is still large,In the first half of 2019,Per capita disposable income of urban residents and rural residents is 21342 yuan and 7778 yuan,The income ratio of urban and rural residents is 2.74,And in infrastructure between urban and rural areas、The gap between public services and other aspects is also very large。Une balanced development、Large urban and rural differences in the area,It is both the shortcomings of the current development,At the same time, it also means potential foot、Strong toughness、Back to Virlery。my country has a huge institutional advantage,Under the coordination and coordination of the central government,Relatively underdeveloped areas can fully learn from the experience lessons in the eastern region,Exception after full play,Later I went to。In recent years, my country's in -depth implementation of poverty alleviation、Village Revitalization、Coordinated development of the region,has formed a huge growth momentum。In the future, with the majority of central and western regions and villages, the level of high -high income,sky bet online casino Consumption potential is further released、further open market space,We will create new development miracles。
The huge space for improving public services。Since the reform and opening up,The people's demand for public products is getting higher and higher。and high requirements、I look forward to comparison,Insufficient supply of public products in my country、Quality is not high、Unexplained situation is relatively prominent。At present, there are still a large number of people who lack sanitary toilets in the countryside; hundreds of millions of people in cities and towns live in old communities; medical quality compared with the world's advanced level,There is still a lot of room for improvement; only 30.9 sheets per thousand elderly people per thousand elderly people,Some public nursing homes need to line up for a few years to live ... The masses are employed、School、Seeing a doctor、Pension、Housing and other needs continuously increase,solve these requirements,Sky bet online sports betting APP download Sky bet online sports betting APP download Make up the shortcomings of development,means the huge space of economic growth。Looking at it from investment,Urban facilities transformation、Rail Transit、Reconstruction of the Old Community、Wireless Internet、Cloud Computing Center and other infrastructure will drive a lot of investment; from the perspective of consumption,Pension Service、Lifetime education、General Physician、Mobile Medical, etc. will drive a lot of consumption and employment。
3、Development potential comes from the promotion of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and the rapid growth of new kinetic energy
In recent years,my country's vigorous implementation of innovation -driven development strategy,Technology investment continues to increase,New Technology、New Product、New business constant breakthroughs,New kinetic energy quickly grows。We can completely seize the opportunity of the global new technological revolution,Gives new kinetic energy to economic growth。
New technological revolution stimulates new kinetic energy。my country is in life science、Green Energy Development、Agricultural production、Information technology and other areas of key links and core technologies in many fields have achieved major breakthroughs,Some have reached the world's leading level。For example,my country has successfully developed "Sea Rice" and "Desert Rice"。The world's first individual cell cloning monkey has cultivated successfully in China。my country's wind power machine capacity accounts for 34.1%of global,Photovoltaic power generation installed capacity accounts for 36.5%of global。my country is also the only country in the world with 1 million volt high -voltage transmission lines。my country has become the world's second largest research and development fund investment country since 2013,Total R & D personnel、Application of invention patents for 6 consecutive years、The first place in the world in 8 years。2018,The expenditure expenditure of the development and experimental development of the whole society of my country is 1965.7 billion yuan,accounting for 2.18%of the GDP,More than the EU's 15 initial national average。According to the "2019 Global Innovation Index Report" released by the World Intellectual Property Organization,my country's Innovation Index ranks 14th in the world,It increased by 21 digits compared to 2013,is the only secondary income economy in the top 20,Improvement of innovative ability is conducive to us to seize opportunities in the new round of scientific and technological revolution。
my country has successfully developed "Sea Rice"。The picture shows May 30, 2018,Twenty -one acres of Yanyu Yanfu, Qingkou Yanfu, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu, entered the "Sea Rice" full transplanting stage。 Xinhua News Agency Geng Yu and/Photo
New industry and new business new model stimulates new kinetic energy。2018 my country's new industry、New format、New business model and other "three new" economic added value is 14536.9 billion yuan,equivalent to 16.1%of GDP。In the case of the decline of the old motion energy, there is no economic stall in my country,To a large extent, thanks to the rapid growth of new kinetic energy。2016-2018,Infrastructure investment (excluding electricity) has decreased from 17.4%to 3.8%,But computer communication equipment、Instrument and instrument、The growth rate of investment such as general equipment and other investment accelerates 0.8 respectively、1.4 and 10.9 percentage points,The average growth rate of the total retail sales of consumer goods drops to less than 10%,But the average annual increase of online retail sales of physical goods increased by more than 25%。2018 my country's express industry's business volume exceeds 50 billion pieces,It has maintained a growth rate of about 50%for many years。The new industry and new business and new model "blowout" is behind the sky bet online sports betting accelerated growth sky bet online casino of new kinetic energy,To better meet the people's growing needs of a better life,It also injected strong endogenous motivation into the long -term development of the economy。
Simple administration and decentralization stimulate new kinetic energy。In recent years, my country has implemented simplified administration and decentralization,In -depth promotion of tax cuts and fees,The scale of tax cuts and fees in 2018 reached about 1.3 trillion yuan,strongly promoted Volkswagen entrepreneurial innovation。Emerging departments, especially innovative small and micro enterprises, have emerged in large quantities。The market entity increases more than 10 million households per year and increases the increase year by year,2018 net increase exceeds 20 million households。Great -scale emergence of startups,97 startups with a total value of more than $ 1 billion in 2018,One is equivalent to a family born every 3.8 days,The overall value of these companies reached 178 billion US dollars。A large increase in market entities,Innovative and entrepreneurial creation potential is continuously released,Reflects the continuous improvement of the market environment,It also reflects the continuous enhancement of people's confidence in economic development。Economic growth momentum that is continuously released,It is promoting China's economic stability and far away。
4、Development potential comes from a macro -control system that is constantly innovating and perfect
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Our party has continuously strengthened and improved the concentrated unified leadership of economic work,Gradually formed a macroeconomic policy framework that supports high -quality development。Under the macro -control of science,In recent years, my country's economic growth has stabilized、The minimum fluctuations,In sharp contrast to the economic operation status of other major powers in the world。International Monetary Fund Organization released the "World Economic Outlook Report" in April this year,In major global economies,Only upstream has raised expectations for China's economic growth,raised from 6.2%predicted in early 2019 to 6.3%。China's economy is attracting the world with rare development achievements in the world。
I proposed this "general outline" for high -quality development。The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote high -quality development,Construction of modern economic system,Accelerate the promotion of quality changes、Efficiency change、Power change。This is the current and future period of determining development ideas、Economic policy、The fundamental requirements for implementing macro -control,It realizes from "Is there" to "OK"、From the "advantage" to "quality advantage" transition strategy。
Guided by new development concepts、Policy framework with supply -side structural reforms as the main line。Economic development has entered a new era,Need a new concept、New Main Line。Innovation、Coordination、Green、Open、Share new development concept,It is a major innovation of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics。Adhere to the new development concept,It is a profound change related to the overall development of our country。Supply -side structural reform is the main line of economic development and economic work at present and in the future。The supply -side structural reform of our country is committed to improving the quality and benefits of the supply system,Dedicated to the transformation and upgrade of the economic system,This will inspire the continuous steady stream of economic development motivation,Then open up a new realm of my country's economic development。
The general tone of the general progress of steady progress。Perseverance and steady progress is the general tone of economic work determined by the Party Central Committee。Stable in adhering to sky bet online sports betting macro policies、Sky bet online sports betting APP download Micro policy to live、Social policy should be supported,It is conducive to maintaining economic growth in a reasonable range、Avoid falling below the bottom line,It is helpful to resolve major risks,Promote the necessary structural adjustment。In the future,Macroeconomic policy will pay more attention to the goal leadership of high -quality development,Highlighting the overall planning、Comprehensive balance,Strengthen the directional regulation on the basis of interval regulation、Camera regulation、Precise regulation,Can better escort the economic development of our country。
5、Development potential comes from high levels of opening up and promoting the construction of a community of human destiny
China is continuing to play the role of a responsible power、Actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system,It also provides more fair international order and broader development space for Chinese and other developing countries,It is conducive to my country's use of two markets at a higher level、Two resources,China is continuing to play the role of a responsible power。
Promote independent development in international competition。Over the past year,Sino -US economic and trade friction from the United States,It has a significant impact on both my country and the development of the world economy。But I also have to see,my country's industrial chain has been integrated with the global economy,Formed you with me、Since the founding of New China。A few countries move against the current,The historic trend of economic globalization cannot be changed。Since the founding of New China,We have been blocked many times,But we insist on independence、Self -reliance,Stable situation,I found a new space for international cooperation。Facing Sino -US economic and trade friction,On the one hand, we implement high -level trade and investment liberalization facilitation policies,Focus on the development of a higher level of open economy; on the other hand, further establish confidence、Strong body fitness,Convert external pressure into internal power,Focus on the ability to enhance independent development。In the first half of this year,In the case of the upgrading of Sino -US economic and trade friction,my country's cargo trade exports are still increasing by 6.1%at the RMB。This sufficient proof,"Unilateralism、Rising trade protectionism,Forcing us to take the road of self -reliance,This is not a bad thing ",We can learn to swim in "Swimming Middle School",Expand the development of new space in international competition。As long as we enhance development confidence、Maintain strategic fixed force,Concentrate to do your own affairs,my country's economy will usher in a more bright future。
August 2015,Indonesia -Cogdy Dam, which was established by China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Construction Group Corporation, officially storage water,Except for irrigation、Flood prevention,It also promoted the development of local tourism and fisheries。The picture shows the Gutigdi Dam flood gates。 Xinhua News Agency Du Yu/Photo
Promote higher levels to open to the public。In the context of complex and severe international economic environment,my country's unswerving open strategy to pursue mutual benefit and win -win,Expansion of openness in all directions,successively adopted the "Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China"、"Special Management measures for foreign investment access (negative list) (2019 edition),Amend the "Guidance Catalog of Foreign Investment Industry"、"Catalog of Foreign Investment in the Central and Western Regions", etc.,The first China International Import Expo 2018 was successfully held,Starting Construction of Hainan Free Trade Zone,The total import and export of goods exceeds 3 billion yuan,Actual use of foreign capital 138.3 billion US dollars,Stable in developing sky bet online casino countries first。The Chinese Sky bet sports betting APP government actively launches a series of measures,Establish an international capacity cooperation plan,Formulate the development plan for the overseas economic and trade cooperation zone,Provide information prompts and guarantee services for Chinese enterprises,Expanding openness is according to the established timetable and roadmap,Step in the hoof、Pressing Push Promotion,With the high level,、Starting out to go global,The motivation for economic development in my country will be stronger。
Actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system。With the rise of emerging market countries and developing countries,"East Settlement and West" in the global economic map、"South Shengbei Fast" situation is very obvious,The international structure led by Western countries is undergoing profound changes。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,my country firmly maintains international order and international system with the purpose and principles of the UN Charter,Proposal through adjustment and reform,Make the existing international order and global governance system in a more fair and reasonable direction。my country actively participate in the formulation of international economic and trade rules,Actively provide international public products。In December 2015, my country initiated the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank,For more than 3 years,Members have increased from 57 to 100,Cumulative approval loans of $ 8.5 billion。May 2018,my country officially submitted the "Recommendation Documents on the Reform of the WTO" to the World Trade Organization,It advocates increasing the correlation of the world trade organization in global economic governance,Enhance the tolerance of the multilateral trading system。These efforts,Not only conducive to the common development of countries around the world,It is also conducive to enhancing my country's right to formulate international rules,Fighting a larger space for economic development。
Promote the international cooperation of the “Belt and Road”。my country issues the "Belt and Road" initiative in China,Just to create a political mutual trust、Economic fusion、Cultural tolerance cooperation platform。2013-2018,my country's total cargo trade with countries along the “Belt and Road” exceeded 6 trillion US dollars,An average annual increase of 4%,The total investment of the overseas economic and trade cooperation zone constructed exceeds more than 30 billion U.S. dollars,Create nearly 300,000 jobs and taxes for more than $ 2 billion for the local area,my country and local companies have benefited a lot。The International Financial Forum surveyed by the central bank of 26 countries along the “Belt and Road”,67%of the interviewed Central Bank expected that the "Belt and Road" project in the next 5 years will help the country's economic growth rate of 0-1.5 percentage points,25%of the central bank is expected to increase by 1.5-5.5 percentage points。9200_9226,Chinese companies have found a lot of new opportunities,opened a broad market and cooperation space for my country's economic development。
China's economy has huge potential,With unique development advantages。Always through all aspects、The most fundamental factor,is the strong leader of the Communist Party of China。We respond to a big change in the current 100 years of the world、Maintain the long -term stable and healthy operation of China's economy、Release the huge potential of economic development,The biggest advantage is still the party's leadership。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Our party has formed a strong leadership core,The idea of Xi Jinping, which meets the requirements of the times, the thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era,Comprehensive and strict governance of the party makes the party stronger and stronger,Sky bet football This is the fundamental guarantee sky bet online sports betting that we effectively respond to all risk challenges。Generally speaking,Shi and Shi on our side,As long as we maintain strategic fixed force,Persist in doing your own affairs,It will definitely be able to overcome all difficulties on the road on the road,The glory of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is in front。
Author: Ma Jiantang, Secretary of the Party Group of the Development Research Center of the State Council
Editor in charge: Wang Shiyang